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GM-CSF in Autoimmune Inflammation of the Central Nervous System

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Multiple Sclerosis Immunology

Abstract

Cytokines play a fundamental role in the development of both multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Recent studies on cytokines involved in autoimmune inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) have highlighted the crucial role of granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) produced by both Th1 and Th17 cells. It is noteworthy that GM-CSF is thus far the only known cytokine produced by T helper (Th) cells that is essential for EAE development. Here, we describe the biological functions of GM-CSF and its role as an effector Th cytokine during CNS inflammation.

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Acknowledgments

We thank K. Regan for editorial assistance. This work was supported in part by the grants from National Institutes of Health (5R01NS046782 and 1U19A1082726), and the M.E. Groff Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM U975, Paris, France

    Mohamed El-Behi

  2. Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Bogoljub Ciric & Abdolmohamad Rostami

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  1. Mohamed El-Behi
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  2. Bogoljub Ciric
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  3. Abdolmohamad Rostami
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Correspondence to Mohamed El-Behi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychia, Tokyo, Japan

    Takashi Yamamura

  2. Clinical Neurology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

    Bruno Gran

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El-Behi, M., Ciric, B., Rostami, A. (2013). GM-CSF in Autoimmune Inflammation of the Central Nervous System. In: Yamamura, T., Gran, B. (eds) Multiple Sclerosis Immunology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7953-6_7

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