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Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis

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Multiple Sclerosis Immunology

Abstract

Currently approved therapies are unsatisfactory for a number of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and none can trigger repair of the escalating neuronal damage that results in progressive permanent disability, particularly in primary and secondary progressive MS. In view of their therapeutic plasticity, stem cells are being considered as an alternative therapeutic approach, with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) being the most promising adult stem cells, which can be easily isolated from a number of tissues. Numerous studies have demonstrated that MSC can modulate immune cells and have neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effect in vitro. Pre-clinical studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the animal model for MS, indicates that these three mechanisms, albeit the latter as yet poorly studied, also play a role in vivo to ameliorate disease course and reduce clinical severity. Based on these in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating immunomodulation, trophic action and neuroprotection by MSC, the clinical translation of MSC is being investigated for MS therapy. Following several pilot trials, an international multicenter phase II clinical trial was recently started to define the safety and efficacy of autologous MSC for the treatment of MS on a large cohort of patients.

Here, we review the in vitro and in vivo studies of the mechanisms of action (immunomodulation, neuroprotection and neuroregeneration) of MSC and discuss the rationale for their clinical translation.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Italian MS Foundation (FISM, project grant No. 2012/S/4), the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Finalizzata, grant No. RF-LIG-2008–1221276/CUP G35J11000180001), the Italian Ministry of the University and Scientific Research (MIUR, grant No. 2009JN7SCN_003), the Liguria Region, and the CARIGE Foundation. L. Lovato is supported by an FISM Senior Research Fellowship (2010/B/10).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Laura Lovato, Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo & Antonio Uccelli MD

  2. Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Antonio Uccelli MD

  3. Advanced Biotechnology Center, Genoa, Italy

    Antonio Uccelli MD

Authors
  1. Laura Lovato
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  2. Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo
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  3. Antonio Uccelli MD
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Correspondence to Antonio Uccelli MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychia, Tokyo, Japan

    Takashi Yamamura

  2. Clinical Neurology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

    Bruno Gran

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Lovato, L., Kerlero de Rosbo, N., Uccelli, A. (2013). Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. In: Yamamura, T., Gran, B. (eds) Multiple Sclerosis Immunology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7953-6_20

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