Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Modeling MS in Nonhuman Primates

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Multiple Sclerosis Immunology

  • 1526 Accesses

Abstract

The classical role of the immune system is to detect and eliminate foreign organisms, such as microbial infection, while at the same time the system should not respond against the body itself (Mills, Immunology 11:807–822, 2011). This implies that the antigen-sensing and antigen-presenting cells (APC) should have the capacity to detect a few foreign antigens within a sea of self-antigens. For this vital task, APC are equipped with conserved pattern-recognition receptor families (PRR), such as Toll-like receptors (TLR). TLR detect conserved molecular structures on pathogens, named pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS), and tissue-damage signals associated with self-antigens, named danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS, or alarmins). Nonresponsiveness is at least, in part, regulated by the interaction of C-type lectin receptors (CLR) with carbohydrates expressed on self-antigens.

Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful.

Quote from: Box G.E.P. & Draper N.R. Empirical Model-Building and Response Surfaces (1987) p. 424.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abbott DH, Barnett DK, Colman RJ, Yamamoto ME, Schultz-Darken NJ (2003) Aspects of common marmoset basic biology and life history important for biomedical research. Comp Med 53:339–350

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alvord EC Jr (1984) Species-restricted encephalitogenic determinants. Prog Clin Biol Res 146:523–537

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Antunes SG, Groot NG de, Brok H, Doxiadis G, Menezes AA, Otting N, Bontrop RE (1998) The common marmoset: a new world primate species with limited Mhc class II variability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:11745–11750

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Averdam A, Seelke S, Grutzner I, Rosner C, Roos C, Westphal N, Stahl-Hennig C, Muppala V, Schrod A, Sauermann U, Dressel R, Walter L (2007) Genotyping and segregation analyses indicate the presence of only two functional MIC genes in rhesus macaques. Immunogenetics 59:247–251

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Axtell RC, Jong BA de, Boniface K, Voort LF van der, Bhat R, De Sarno P, Naves R, Han M, Zhong F, Castellanos JG, Mair R, Christakos A, Kolkowitz I, Katz L, Killestein J, Polman CH, Waal Malefyt R de, Steinman L, Raman C (2010) T helper type 1 and 17 cells determine efficacy of interferon-beta in multiple sclerosis and experimental encephalomyelitis. Nat Med 16:406–412

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Axthelm MK, Bourdette DN, Marracci GH, Su W, Mullaney ET, Manoharan M, Kohama SG, Pollaro J, Witkowski E, Wang P, Rooney WD, Sherman LS, Wong SW (2011) Japanese macaque encephalomyelitis: a spontaneous multiple sclerosis-like disease in a nonhuman primate. Ann Neurol 70(3):362–373

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bajramovic JJ, Brok HP, Ouwerling B, Jagessar SA, Straalen L van, Kondova I, Bauer J, Amor S, Hart BA, Ben-Nun A (2008) Oligodendrocyte-specific protein is encephalitogenic in rhesus macaques and induces specific demyelination of the optic nerve. Eur J Immunol 38:1452–1464

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnett MH, Sutton I (2006) The pathology of multiple sclerosis: a paradigm shift. Curr Opin Neurol 19:242–247

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bartzokis G (2004) Age-related myelin breakdown: a developmental model of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging 25:5–18; author reply 49–62

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barun B, Bar-Or A (2012) Treatment of multiple sclerosis with Anti-CD20 antibodies. Clin Immunol 142:31–37

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bielekova B, Sung MH, Kadom N, Simon R, McFarland H, Martin R (2004) Expansion and functional relevance of high-avidity myelin-specific CD4 + T cells in multiple sclerosis. J Immunol 172:3893–3904

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brok HP, Uccelli A, Kerlero De Rosbo N, Bontrop RE, Roccatagliata L, Groot NG de, Capello E, Laman JD, Nicolay K, Mancardi GL, Ben-Nun A, ’t Hart BA (2000) Myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis in common marmosets: the encephalitogenic T cell epitope pMOG24–36 is presented by a monomorphic MHC class II molecule. J Immunol 165:1093–1101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brok HP, Bauer J, Jonker M, Blezer E, Amor S, Bontrop RE, Laman JD, ’t Hart BA (2001a) Non-human primate models of multiple sclerosis. Immunol Rev 183:173–185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brok HP, Hornby RJ, Griffiths GD, Scott LA, ’t Hart BA (2001b) An extensive monoclonal antibody panel for the phenotyping of leukocyte subsets in the common marmoset and the cotton-top tamarin. Cytometry 45:294–303

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brok HP, Van Meurs M, Blezer E, Schantz A, Peritt D, Treacy G, Laman JD, Bauer J, ’t Hart BA (2002) Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in common marmosets using an anti-IL-12p40 monoclonal antibody. J Immunol 169:6554–6563

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brok HP, Boven L, Meurs M van, Kerlero de Rosbo N, Celebi-Paul L, Kap YS, Jagessar A, Hintzen RQ, Keir G, Bajramovic J, Ben-Nun A, Bauer J, Laman JD, Amor S, ’t Hart BA (2007) The human CMV-UL86 peptide 981–1003 shares a crossreactive T-cell epitope with the encephalitogenic MOG peptide 34–56, but lacks the capacity to induce EAE in rhesus monkeys. J Neuroimmunol 182:135–152

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cadavid LF, Shufflebotham C, Ruiz FJ, Yeager M, Hughes AL, Watkins DI (1997) Evolutionary instability of the major histocompatibility complex class I loci in New World primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:14536–14541

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Jager PL, Simon KC, Munger KL, Rioux JD, Hafler DA, Ascherio A (2008) Integrating risk factors: HLA-DRB1*1501 and Epstein-Barr virus in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 70:1113–1118

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Vos AF, Meurs M van, Brok HP, Boven LA, Hintzen RQ, Valk P van der, Ravid R, Rensing S, Boon L, ’t Hart BA, Laman JD (2002) Transfer of central nervous system autoantigens and presentation in secondary lymphoid organs. J Immunol 169:5415–5423

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doxiadis GG, Wiel MK van der, Brok HP, Groot NG de, Otting N, ’t Hart BA, Rood JJ van, Bontrop RE (2006) Reactivation by exon shuffling of a conserved HLA-DR3-like pseudogene segment in a New World primate species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:5864–5868

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujinami RS, Herrath MG von, Christen U, Whitton JL (2006) Molecular mimicry, bystander activation, or viral persistence: infections and autoimmune disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 19:80–94

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geijtenbeek TB, Van Vliet SJ, Engering A, ’t Hart BA, Van Kooyk Y (2004) Self- and nonself-recognition by C-type lectins on dendritic cells. Annu Rev Immunol 22:33–54

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Genain CP, Lee-Parritz D, Nguyen MH, Massacesi L, Joshi N, Ferrante R, Hoffman K, Moseley M, Letvin NL, Hauser SL (1994) In healthy primates, circulating autoreactive T cells mediate autoimmune disease. J Clin Invest 94:1339–1345

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Genain CP, Nguyen MH, Letvin NL, Pearl R, Davis RL, Adelman M, Lees MB, Linington C, Hauser SL (1995) Antibody facilitation of multiple sclerosis-like lesions in a nonhuman primate. J Clin Invest 96:2966–2974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Genain CP, Cannella B, Hauser SL, Raine CS (1999) Identification of autoantibodies associated with myelin damage in multiple sclerosis. Nat Med 5:170–175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haanstra KG, Jagessar SA, Bauchet AL, Doussau M, Fovet CM, Heijmans N, Hofman SO, van Lubeek–Veth J, Bajramovic JJ, Kap YS, Laman JD, Touin H,Watroba L, Bauer J, Lachapelle F, Serguera C, ’t Hart BA (2013) Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with recombinant human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant in three non–human primate species. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Haig D (1999) What is a marmoset? Am J Primatol 49:285–296

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hauser SL, Waubant E, Arnold DL, Vollmer T, Antel J, Fox RJ, Bar-Or A, Panzara M, Sarkar N, Agarwal S, Langer-Gould A, and C. Smith H (2008) B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 358:676–688

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jagessar SA, Smith PA, Blezer E, Delarasse C, Pham-Dinh D, Laman JD, Bauer J, Amor S, ’t Hart BA (2008) Autoimmunity against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein is dispensable for the initiation although essential for the progression of chronic encephalomyelitis in common marmosets. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 67:326–340

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jagessar SA, Kap YS, Heijmans N, Driel N van, Brok HPM, Blezer ELA, Laman JD, Bauer J, ’t Hart BA (2010) Induction of progressive demyelinating autoimmune encephalomyelitis in common marmoset monkeys using MOG34–56 peptide in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 69:372–385

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jagessar SA, Gran B, Heijmans N, Bauer J, Laman JD, ’t Hart BA, Constantinescu CS (2012a) Discrepant effects of human interferon-gamma on clinical and immunological disease parameters in a novel marmoset model for multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 7(1):253–265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jagessar SA, Heijmans N, Blezer EL, Bauer J, Blokhuis JH, Wubben JA, Drijfhout JW, den Elsen PJ van, Laman JD, Hart BA (2012b) Unravelling the T-cell-mediated autoimmune attack on CNS myelin in a new primate EAE model induced with MOG(34–56) peptide in incomplete adjuvant. Eur J Immunol 42:217–227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jagessar SA, Heijmans N, Bauer J, Blezer ELA, Laman JD, Hellings N, ’t Hart BA (2012c) B-cell depletion abrogates antibody nondependent CNS demyelination in the marmoset EAE model. J Immunol (resubmitted)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen PE, Sullivan BA, Reed-Loisel LM, Weber DA (2004) Qa-1, a nonclassical class I histocompatibility molecule with roles in innate and adaptive immunity. Immunol Res 29:81–92

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kabat EA, Wolf A, Bezer AE (1947) The rapid production of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in rhesus monkeys by injection of heterologous and homologous brain tissue with adjuvants. J Exp Med 85:117–130

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kap YS, Smith P, Jagessar SA, Remarque E, Blezer E, Strijkers GJ, Laman JD, Hintzen RQ, Bauer J, Brok HP, ’t Hart BA (2008) Fast progression of recombinant human myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in marmosets is associated with the activation of MOG34–56-specific cytotoxic T cells. J Immunol 180:1326–1337

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kap YS, Laman JD, ’t Hart BA (2010) Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the common marmoset, a bridge between rodent EAE and multiple sclerosis for immunotherapy development. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 5:220–230

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kap YS, Bauer J, Driel NV, Bleeker WK, Parren PW, Kooi EJ, Geurts JJ, Laman JD, Craigen JL, Blezer E, ’t Hart BA (2011) B-Cell Depletion Attenuates White and Gray Matter Pathology in Marmoset Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 70:992–1005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kerlero de Rosbo N, Brok HP, Bauer J, Kaye JF, ’t Hart BA, Ben-Nun A (2000) Rhesus monkeys are highly susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein: characterisation of immunodominant T- and B-cell epitopes. J Neuroimmunol 110:83–96

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez-Diego RS, Weiner HL (2008) Novel therapeutic strategies for multiple sclerosis–a multifaceted adversary. Nat Rev Drug Discov 7:909–925

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lyons AB (2000) Analysing cell division in vivo and in vitro using flow cytometric measurement of CFSE dye dilution. J Immunol Methods 243:147–154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansfield K (2003) Marmoset models commonly used in biomedical research. Comp Med 53:383–392

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Massacesi L, Joshi N, Lee-Parritz D, Rombos A, Letvin NL, Hauser SL (1992) Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in cynomolgus monkeys. Quantitation of T cell responses in peripheral blood. J Clin Invest 90:399–404

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Massacesi L, Genain CP, Lee-Parritz D, Letvin NL, Canfield D, Hauser SL (1995) Active and passively induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in common marmosets: a new model for multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 37:519–530

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McFarland HI, Lobito AA, Johnson MM, Nyswaner JT, Frank JA, Palardy GR, Tresser N, Genain CP, Mueller JP, Matis LA, Lenardo MJ (1999) Determinant spreading associated with demyelination in a nonhuman primate model of multiple sclerosis. J Immunol 162:2384–2390

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mills KH (2011) TLR-dependent T cell activation in autoimmunity. Nature reviews. Immunology 11:807–822

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ransohoff RM (2006) EAE: pitfalls outweigh virtues of screening potential treatments for multiple sclerosis. Trends Immunol 27:167–168

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rivers TM, Schwenkter FF (1935) Encephalomyelitis accompanied by myelin destruction experimentally produced in monkeys. J Exp Med 61:698–703

    Google Scholar 

  • Raine CS, Cannella B, Hauser SL, Genain CP (1999) Demyelination in primate autoimmune encephalomyelitis and acute multiple sclerosis lesions: a case for antigen-specific antibody mediation. Ann Neurol 46:144–160

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rich C, Link JM, Zamora A, Jacobsen H, Meza-Romero R, Offner H, Jones R, Burrows GG, Fugger L, Vandenbark AA (2004) Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-35–55 peptide induces severe chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in HLA-DR2-transgenic mice. Eur J Immunol 34:1251–1261

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rivers TM, Sprunt DH, Berry GP (1933) Observations on the attempts to produce acute disseminated allergic encephalomyelitis in primates. J Exp Med 58:39–53

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rose LM, Richards TL, Peterson J, Petersen R, Alvord EC Jr (1997) Resolution of CNS lesions following treatment of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in macaques with monoclonal antibody to the CD18 leukocyte integrin. Mult Scler 2:259–266

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Segal BM, Constantinescu CS, Raychaudhuri A, Kim L, Fidelus-Gort R, Kasper LH (2008) Repeated subcutaneous injections of IL12/23 p40 neutralising antibody, ustekinumab, in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, dose-ranging study. Lancet Neurol 7:796–804

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanvito L, Constantinescu CS, Gran B, ’t Hart BA (2010) The multifaceted role of interferon-γ in central nervous system autoimmune demyelination. Open Autoimmun J 2:151–159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sawcer S, Hellenthal G, Pirinen M, Spencer CC, Patsopoulos NA, Moutsianas L, Dilthey A, Su Z, Freeman C, Hunt SE, Edkins S, Gray E, Booth DR, Potter SC, Goris A, Band G, Oturai AB, Strange A, Saarela J, Bellenguez C, Fontaine B, Gillman M, Hemmer B, Gwilliam R, Zipp F, Jayakumar A, Martin R, Leslie S, Hawkins S, Giannoulatou E, D’Alfonso S, Blackburn H, Boneschi FM, Liddle J, Harbo HF, Perez ML, Spurkland A, Waller MJ, Mycko MP, Ricketts M, Comabella M, Hammond N, Kockum I, McCann OT, Ban M, Whittaker P, Kemppinen A, Weston P, Hawkins C, Widaa S, Zajicek J, Dronov S, Robertson N, Bumpstead SJ, Barcellos LF, Ravindrarajah R, Abraham R, Alfredsson L, Ardlie K, Aubin C, Baker A, Baker K, Baranzini SE, Bergamaschi L, Bergamaschi R, Bernstein A, Berthele A, Boggild M, Bradfield JP, Brassat D, Broadley SA, Buck D, Butzkueven H, Capra R, Carroll WM, Cavalla P, Celius EG, Cepok S, Chiavacci R, Clerget-Darpoux F, Clysters K, Comi G, Cossburn M, Cournu-Rebeix I, Cox MB, Cozen W, Cree BA, Cross AH, Cusi D, Daly MJ, Davis E, Bakker PI de, Debouverie M, D’Hooghe BM, Dixon K, Dobosi R, Dubois B, Ellinghaus D, Elovaara I, Esposito F, Fontenille C, Foote S, Franke A, Galimberti D, Ghezzi A, Glessner J, Gomez R, Gout O, Graham C, Grant SF, Guerini FR, Hakonarson H, Hall P, Hamsten A, Hartung HP, Heard RN, Heath S, Hobart J, Hoshi M, Infante-Duarte C, Ingram G, Ingram W, Islam T, Jagodic M, Kabesch M, Kermode AG, Kilpatrick TJ, Kim C, Klopp N, Koivisto K, Larsson M, Lathrop M, Lechner-Scott JS, Leone MA, Leppa V, Liljedahl U, Bomfim IL, Lincoln RR, Link J, Liu J, Lorentzen AR, Lupoli S, Macciardi F, Mack T, Marriott M, Martinelli V, Mason D, McCauley JL, Mentch F, Mero IL, Mihalova T, Montalban X, Mottershead J, Myhr KM, Naldi P, Ollier W, Page A, Palotie A, Pelletier J, Piccio L, Pickersgill T, Piehl F, Pobywajlo S, Quach HL, Ramsay PP, Reunanen M, Reynolds R, Rioux JD, Rodegher M, Roesner S, Rubio JP, Ruckert IM, Salvetti M, Salvi E, Santaniello A, Schaefer CA, Schreiber S, Schulze C, Scott RJ, Sellebjerg F, Selmaj KW, Sexton D, Shen L, Simms-Acuna B, Skidmore S, Sleiman PM, Smestad C, Sorensen PS, Sondergaard HB, Stankovich J, Strange RC, Sulonen AM, Sundqvist E, Syvanen AC, Taddeo F, Taylor B, Blackwell JM, Tienari P, Bramon E, Tourbah A, Brown MA, Tronczynska E, Casas JP, Tubridy N, Corvin A, Vickery J, Jankowski J, Villoslada P, Markus HS, Wang K, Mathew CG, Wason J, Palmer CN, Wichmann HE, Plomin R, Willoughby E, Rautanen A, Winkelmann J, Wittig M, Trembath RC, Yaouanq J, Viswanathan AC, Zhang H, Wood NW, Zuvich R, Deloukas P, Langford C, Duncanson A, Oksenberg JR, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL, Olsson T, Hillert J, Ivinson AJ, De Jager PL, Peltonen L, Stewart GJ, Hafler DA, Hauser SL, McVean G, Donnelly P, Compston A (2011) Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis. Nature 476:214–219

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shiina T, Kono A, Westphal N, Suzuki S, Hosomichi K, Kita YF, Roos C, Inoko H, Walter L (2011) Comparative genome analysis of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I B/C segments in primates elucidated by genomic sequencing in common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Immunogenetics 63:485–499

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slierendregt BL, Hall M, ’t Hart B, Otting N, Anholts J, Verduin W, Claas F, Jonker M, Lanchbury JS, Bontrop RE (1995) Identification of an Mhc-DPB1 allele involved in susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rhesus macaques. Int Immunol 7:1671–1679

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith PA, Heijmans N, Ouwerling B, Breij EC, Evans N, Noort JM van, Plomp AC, Delarasse C, Hart B, Pham-Dinh D, Amor S (2005) Native myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein promotes severe chronic neurological disease and demyelination in Biozzi ABH mice. Eur J Immunol 35:1311–1319

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sriram S, Steiner I (2005) Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: A misleading model of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 58:939–945

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinman L, Zamvil SS (2005) Virtues and pitfalls of EAE for the development of therapies for multiple sclerosis. Trends Immunol 26:565–571

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinman L, Zamvil SS (2006) How to successfully apply animal studies in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis to research on multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 60:12–21

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stuart G, Krikorian KS. (1933) Neuroparalytic accidents complicating antirabic treatment. Br Med J 1:501–504

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sylwester AW, Mitchell BL, Edgar JB, Taormina C, Pelte C, Ruchti F, Sleath PR, Grabstein KH, Hosken NA, Kern F, Nelson JA, Picker LJ (2005) Broadly targeted human cytomegalovirus-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells dominate the memory compartments of exposed subjects. J Exp Med 202:673–685

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ’t Hart BA, van Y Kooyk. (2004) Yin-Yang regulation of autoimmunity by DCs. Trends Immunol 25:353–359

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ’t Hart BA, Massacesi L (2009) Clinical, pathological, and immunologic aspects of the multiple sclerosis model in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 68:341–355

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ’t Hart BA, Bauer J, Muller HJ, Melchers B, Nicolay K, Brok H, Bontrop RE, Lassmann H, Massacesi L (1998) Histopathological characterization of magnetic resonance imaging- detectable brain white matter lesions in a primate model of multiple sclerosis: a correlative study in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Am J Pathol 153:649–663

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ’t Hart B, Amor S, Jonker M (2004) Evaluating the validity of animal models for research into therapies for immune-based disorders. Drug Discov Today 9:517–524

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ’t Hart BA, Bauer J, Brok HP, Amor S (2005a) Non-human primate models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: variations on a theme. J Neuroimmunol 168:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ’t Hart BA, Brok HP, Remarque E, Benson J, Treacy G, Amor S, Hintzen RQ, Laman JD, Bauer J, Blezer EL (2005b) Suppression of ongoing disease in a nonhuman primate model of multiple sclerosis by a human-anti-human IL-12p40 antibody. J Immunol 175:4761–4768

    Google Scholar 

  • ’t Hart BA, Blezer EL, Brok HP, Boon L, Boer M de, Bauer J, Laman JD (2005c) Treatment with chimeric anti-human CD40 antibody suppresses MRI-detectable inflammation and enlargement of pre-existing brain lesions in common marmosets affected by MOG-induced EAE. J Neuroimmunol 163:31–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ’t Hart BA, Hintzen RQ, Laman JD (2009) Multiple sclerosis—a response-to-damage model. Trends Mol Med 15:235–244

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ’t Hart BA, Gran B, Weissert R (2011) EAE: imperfect but useful models of multiple sclerosis. Trends Mol Med 17:119–125

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tardif SD, Smucny DA, Abbott DH, Mansfield K, Schultz-Darken N, Yamamoto ME (2003) Reproduction in captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Comp Med 53:364–368

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teitelbaum D, Aharoni R, Klinger E, Kreitman R, Raymond E, Malley A, Shofti R, Sela M, Arnon R (2004) Oral glatiramer acetate in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: clinical and immunological studies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1029:239–249

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uccelli A, Oksenberg JR, Jeong MC, Genain CP, Rombos T, Jaeger EE, Giunti D, Lanchbury JS, Hauser SL (1997) Characterization of the TCRB chain repertoire in the New World monkey Callithrix jacchus. J Immunol 158:1201–1207

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van der Mei IA, Simpson S Jr, Stankovich J, Taylor BV (2011) Individual and joint action of environmental factors and risk of MS. Neurol Clin 29:233–255

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van der Valk P, Amor S (2009) Preactive lesions in multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol 22:207–213

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Lambalgen R, Jonker M (1987a) Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rhesus monkeys: I. Immunological parameters in EAE resistant and susceptible rhesus monkeys. Clin Exp Immunol 68:100–107

    Google Scholar 

  • van Lambalgen R, Jonker M (1987b) Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rhesus monkeys: II. Treatment of EAE with anti-T lymphocyte subset monoclonal antibodies. Clin Exp Immunol 68:305–312

    Google Scholar 

  • van Zwam M, Huizinga R, Melief MJ, Wierenga-Wolf AF, Meurs M van, Voerman JS, Biber KP, Boddeke HW, Hopken UE, Meisel C, Meisel A, Bechmann I, Hintzen RQ, ’t Hart BA, Amor S, Laman JD, Boven AL (2009a) Brain antigens in functionally distinct antigen-presenting cell populations in cervical lymph nodes in MS and EAE. J Mol Med 87:273–286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Zwam M, Huizinga R, Heijmans N, Meurs M van, Wierenga-Wolf AF, Melief MJ, Hintzen RQ, ’t Hart BA, Amor S, Boven LA, Laman DJ (2009b) Surgical excision of CNS-draining lymph nodes reduces relapse severity in chronic-relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Pathol 217:543–551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • von Budingen HC, Hauser SL, Nabavi CB, Genain CP (2001) Characterization of the expressed immunoglobulin IGHV repertoire in the new world marmoset Callithrix jacchus. Immunogenetics 53:557–563

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vierboom MP, Jonker M, Bontrop RE, ’t Hart BA (2005) Modeling human arthritic diseases in nonhuman primates. Arthritis Res Ther 7:145–154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vierboom MP, Breedveld E, Kondova I, ’t Hart BA (2010) Collagen-induced arthritis in common marmosets: a new nonhuman primate model for chronic arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 12:R200

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Villoslada P, Abel K, Heald N, Goertsches R, Hauser SL, Genain CP (2001) Frequency, heterogeneity and encephalitogenicity of T cells specific for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in naive outbred primates. Eur J Immunol 31:2942–2950

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors like to thank Mr. Henk van Westbroek for the artwork.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ RIJSWIJK Postbus 3306, 2280, RIJSWIJK, GH, The Netherlands

    Prof. Dr. Bert A. ’t Hart, S. Anwar Jagessar, Krista Haanstra & Yolanda S. Kap

  2. Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Prof. Dr. Bert A. ’t Hart

  3. Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Prof. Dr. Bert A. ’t Hart, Yolanda S. Kap & Jon D. Laman

  4. MS center ErasMS, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Prof. Dr. Bert A. ’t Hart, S. Anwar Jagessar & Yolanda S. Kap

Authors
  1. Prof. Dr. Bert A. ’t Hart
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Anwar Jagessar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Krista Haanstra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yolanda S. Kap
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jon D. Laman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bert A. ’t Hart .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychia, Tokyo, Japan

    Takashi Yamamura

  2. Clinical Neurology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

    Bruno Gran

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

’t Hart, B., Jagessar, S., Haanstra, K., Kap, Y., Laman, J. (2013). Modeling MS in Nonhuman Primates. In: Yamamura, T., Gran, B. (eds) Multiple Sclerosis Immunology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7953-6_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation