Definition
By combining the Greek genos (a people, tribe, race) and the Latin cide (to kill), Raphael Lemkin (1944, p. 79) invented the word genocide. Article 2 of the 1948 United Nations (UN) Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide defines genocide as “any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: (a) Killing members of the group; (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; (d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; (e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group” (United Nations 1948). Note that genocide is not restricted as to its perpetrators (state or nonstate), manner of destruction (not only killing), or scale (large).
Data, Mass Atrocity Crimes, and Institutions
Data
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References
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Anderton, C.H., Brauer, J. (2021). Genocide. In: Marciano, A., Ramello, G.B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Law and Economics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7883-6_581-2
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