Abstract
Because of the vital role of water as a transporting agent, chemical solvent, weathering agent, and catalyst, quantitative data on hydrology are of paramount importance in understanding the biogeochemistry of a forest ecosystem. The U.S. Forest Service has monitored and maintained accurate records of precipitation and streamflow for numerous gauged watersheds of the HBEF since 1956 (Federer et al. 1990; Bailey et al. 2003a, b; http://www.hubbardbrook.org). The HBEF was established in 1955 to study forest hydrology in New England utilizing a paired watershed approach (see McGuire and Likens 2011).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bailey AS, Hornbeck JW, Campbell JL, Eagar C (2003) Hydrometeorological database for Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: 1955–2000. USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, General Technical Report NE-305, 36 pp
Bailey SW, Buso DC, Likens GE (2003b) Implications of sodium mass balance for interpreting the calcium cycle of a forested ecosystem. Ecology 84(2):471–484
Bormann FH, Likens GE (1979) Pattern and process of a forested ecosystem. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, 253 pp
Bormann FH, Likens GE, Siccama TG, Pierce RS, Eaton JS (1974) The effect of deforestation on ecosystem export and the steady-state condition at Hubbart Brook. Ecol Monogr 44(3):255–277
Bradley E, Cushman RV (1956) Memorandum report on geologic and ground-water conditions in the Hubbard Brook watershed, New Hampshire. On file at Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Durham, NH, 15 pp
Budyko MI (1974) Climate and life. Academic, New York
Campbell JL, Driscoll CT, Eagar C, Likens GE, Siccama TG, Johnson CE, Fahey TJ, Hamburg SP, Holmes RT, Bailey AS, Buso DC (2007) Long-term trends from ecosystem research at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA, General Technical Report NRS-17, 41 pp
Campbell JL, Driscoll CT, Pourmokhtarian A, Hayhoe K (2011) Streamflow responses to past and projected future changes in climate at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, United States. Water Resour Res 47, W02514. doi:10.1029/2010WR009438
Conrad V (1941) The variability of precipitation. Mon Weather Rev Wash 69:5
Davis MB, Moeller RE, Likens GE, Ford J, Sherman J, Goulden C (1985a) Paleoecology of Mirror Lake and its watershed. In: Likens GE (ed) An ecosystem approach to aquatic ecology: mirror lake and its environment. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 410–429
Davis RB, Anderson DS, Berge F (1985b) Paleolimnological evidence that lake acidification is accompanied by loss of organic matter. Nature 316:436–438
Detty JM, McGuire KJ (2010a) Threshold changes in storm runoff generation at a till-mantled headwater catchment. Water Resour Res 46, W07525. doi:10.1029/2009WR008102
Detty JM, McGuire KJ (2010b) Topographic controls on shallow groundwater dynamics: implications of hydrologic connectivity between hillslopes and riparian zones in a till mantled catchment. Hydrol Process 24:2222–2236
Dominski AS (1971) Accelerated nitrate production and loss in the northern hardwood forest ecosystem underlain by podzol soils following clear cutting and addition to herbicides. Ph.D. Thesis, Yale University, 157 pp
Federer CA, Lash D (1978) BROOK: a hydrologic simulation model for eastern forests. Water Resources Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham. Research Report No. 19, 84 pp
Federer, C. A., L. D. Flynn, C. W. Martin, J. W. Hornbeck and R. S. Pierce. 1990. Thirty years of hydrometeorologic data at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-141, 44 pp
Groffman PM, Driscoll CT, Fahey TJ, Hardy JP, Fitzhugh RD, Tierney GL (2001) Colder soils in a warmer world: a snow manipulation study in a northern hardwood forest ecosystem. Biogeochemistry 56(2):135–150
Groffman PM, Fisk MC, Driscoll CT, Likens GE, Fahey TJ, Eagar C, Pardo LH (2006) Calcium additions and microbial nitrogen cycle processes in a northern hardwood forest. Ecosystems 9:1289–1305
Groffman PM, Rustad LE, Templer PH, Campbell JL, Christenson LM, Lany NK, Socci AM, Vadeboncoeur MA, Schaberg PG, Wilson GF, Driscoll CT, Fahey TJ, Fisk MC, Goodale CL, Green MB, Hamburg SP, Johnson CE, Mitchell MJ, Morse JL, Pardo LH, Rodenhouse NL (2012) Long-term integrated studies show complex and surprising effects of climate change in the northern hardwood forest. Bioscience 62(12):1056–1066
Hamburg SP, Cogbill CV (1988) Historical decline of red spruce populations and climatic warming. Nature 331(6155):428–431
Hamburg SP, Vadeboncoeur MA, Richardson AD, Bailey AS (2013) Climate change at the ecosystem scale: a 50-year record in New Hampshire. Clim Change 116:457–477. doi:10.1007/s10584-012-0517-2
Hamon WR (1961) Estimating potential evapotranspiration. Am Soc Civ Eng Proc 87(HY3):107–120
Hart GE Jr (1966) Streamflow characteristics of small forested watersheds in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 141 pp
Hart GE Jr, Leonard RE, Pierce RS (1962) Leaf fall, humus depth, and soil frost in a northern hardwood forest. Research Note No. 131, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Upper Darby, PA, 3 pp
Hornbeck JW (1973) Storm flow from hardwood-forested and cleared watersheds in New Hampshire. Water Resour Res 9(2):346–354
Hornbeck JW, Pierce RS, Federer CA (1970) Streamflow changes after forest clearing in New England. Water Resour Res 6(4):1124–1132
Huntington TG, Richardson AD, McGuire KJ, Hayhoe K (2009) Climate and hydrological changes in the northeastern United States: recent trends and implications for forested and aquatic ecosystems. Can J Forest Res 39:199–212
Judd KE, Likens GE, Buso DC, Bailey AS (2011) Minimal response in watershed nitrate export to severe soil frost raises questions about nutrient dynamics in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. Biogeochemistry 106:443–459. doi:10.1007/s10533-010-9524-4
Kaste JM, Heimsath AM, Bostick BC (2007) Short-term soil mixing quantified with fallout radionuclides. Geology 35(3):243–246
Lawrence GB, Driscoll CT (1990) Longitudinal patterns of concentration-discharge relationships in streamwater draining the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. J Hydrol 116:147–165
Likens GE (2011) Limnological measures related to climate change in the Hubbard Brook Valley, USA. Inland Waters 1(2):93–99
Likens GE, Buso DC (2006) Variation in streamwater chemistry throughout the Hubbard Brook Valley. Biogeochemistry 78:1–30
Likens GE, Buso DC (2012) Dilution and the elusive baseline. Environ Sci Technol 46(8):4382–4387. doi:10.1021/es3000189
Likens GE, Bormann FH, Johnson NM, Fisher DW, Pierce RS (1970) The effect of forest cutting and herbicide treatment on nutrient budgets in the Hubbard Brook watershed-ecosystem. Ecol Monogr 40(1):23–47
Likens GE, Bormann FH, Pierce RS, Eaton JS (1985) The Hubbard Brook valley. In: Likens GE (ed) An ecosystem approach to aquatic ecology: Mirror Lake and its environment. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 9–39
Lovett GM, Likens GE, Buso DC, Driscoll CT, Bailey SW (2005) The biogeochemistry of chlorine at Hubbard Brook, New Hampshire, USA. Biogeochemistry 72:191–232
Mau DP (1993) Estimating ground water recharge and baseflow from streamflow hydrographs for a small Appalachian Mountain basin. M.S. Thesis, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, 130 pp
McGuire KJ, Likens GE (2011) Historical roots of forest hydrology and biogeochemistry (Chapter 1). In: Levia DF, Carlyle-Moses D, Tanaka T (eds) Forest hydrology and biogeochemistry: synthesis of past research and future directions. Ecological studies series, vol 216. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, pp 3–26
Mulder J (1980) The neutralization of acid rain in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, U.S.A. Department of Chemistry, University of Wageningen, The Netherlands. Unpublished Report. 44 pp
Paillet FL, Hess AE, Cheng CH, Hardin E (1987) Characterization of fracture permeability with high-resolution vertical flow measurements during bolehole pumping. J Ground Water 25(1):28–40
Penman HL (1956) Estimating evapotranspiration. Trans Am Geophys Union 37:43–50
Pierce RS (1967) Evidence of overland flow on forest watersheds. In: Sopper WE, Lull HW (eds) International symposium on forest hydrology. Pergamon, New York, NY, pp 247–252
Powers CJ, Singha K, Haeni FP (1999) Integration of surface geophysical methods for fracture detection in bedrock at Mirror Lake, New Hampshire. In: US geological survey toxic substance hydrology program. Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, 8–12 March 1999. US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, vol 3, pp 757–768
Rosenberry DO, Winter TC (2009) Hydrologic processes and the water budget. In: Winter TC, Likens GE (eds) Mirror Lake: interactions among air, land and water. University of California Press, pp 23–68
Sellers WD (1965) Physical climatology. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 272 pp
Shattuck PC (1991) Shallow water-table response to precipitation and evapotranspiration in an ephemeral stream valley, Woodstock, New Hampshire. M.S. Thesis, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 113 pp
Slack JR, Lumb AM, Landwehr JM (1997) Hydro-climatic data network: Pemigewasset River, Plymouth, NH Data Set 1874-1988. USGS WRI Report 93-4076
Sopper WE, Lull HW (1970) Streamflow characteristics of the northeastern United States. Bulletin 766. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 129 pp
Sopper WE, Lull HW (1965) The representativeness of small forested experimental watersheds in northeastern United States. Int Assoc Sci Hydrol 66(2):441–456
Stresky SJ (1991) Morphology and flow characteristics of pipes in a forested New England hillslope. M.S. Thesis, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 131 pp
Thiessen AH (1911) Precipitation for large areas. Mon Weather Rev 39:1082–1089
Thornthwaite CW (1948) An approach toward a rational classification of climate. Geogr Rev 38:55–94
Verry ES (2003) Estimating groundwater yield in small research basins. Ground Water 41(7):1001–1004
Winter TC (1981) Uncertainties in estimating the water balance of lakes. Water Resour Bull 17(1):82–115
Winter TC (1985) Approaches to the study of lake hydrology. In: Likens GE (ed) An ecosystem approach to aquatic ecology: Mirror Lake and its environment. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, pp 128–135
Winter TC, Likens GE (eds) (2009) Mirror Lake: interactions among air, land and water. University of California Press, 361 pp
Winter TC, Eaton JS, Likens GE (1989) Evaluation of inflow to Mirror Lake, New Hampshire. Water Resour Bull 25(5):991–1008
Yanai RD, Levine C, Green M, Campbell J (2012) Quantifying uncertainty in forest nutrient budgets. J For 110(8):448–456
Zimmer M, Bailey SW, McGuire KJ, Bullen TD (2012) Fine scale variations of surface water chemistry in an ephemeral to perennial drainage network. Hydrol Process. doi:10.1002/hyp.9449
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Likens, G.E. (2013). Hydrology. In: Biogeochemistry of a Forested Ecosystem. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7810-2_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7810-2_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-7809-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-7810-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)