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On the Eco-Evolutionary Relationships of Fresh and Salt Water Bacteria and the Role of Gene Transfer in Their Adaptation

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Lateral Gene Transfer in Evolution

Abstract

Bacteria are ubiquitous and important members of aquatic ecosystems ranging from inland lakes to the open ocean. Since the advent of molecular approaches for investigating bacteria community composition (BCC), the biogeography of aquatic bacteria has been investigated across a wide variety of environments. In addition to illuminating important aspects of microbial ecology, these studies have unveiled the evolutionary relationships between freshwater and marine bacteria. It is now clear that marine and freshwater ecosystems are inhabited by evolutionarily distinct bacterial lineages, suggesting that environmental transitions across the marine–freshwater boundary have occurred rarely during the evolution of bacteria. In this chapter, we consider successful freshwater–marine transitions as a form of evolutionary innovation in bacteria. Here, we discuss recent genomic insights into the evolution of marine and freshwater bacteria, and the metabolic and physiological traits of aquatic bacteria that may either restrict or facilitate cross-colonization of freshwater and marine habitats. In doing so, we will also highlight the potential role that lateral gene transfer (LGT) has played in marine–freshwater transitions over the course of bacterial evolution.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the Canada Research Chair (CRC:950-221184) Program, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC:402214-2011) of Canada, and the Fond Quebecois de la Recherche sure la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT: 2012-RS-144365).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St West, H4B 1R6, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    David A Walsh & Josine Lafontaine

  2. Integrated Microbial Biodiversity Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada

    David A Walsh

  3. Department Limnology of Stratified Lakes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775, Stechlin, Germany

    Hans-Peter Grossart

  4. Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, 14469, Potsdam, Germany

    Hans-Peter Grossart

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  1. David A Walsh
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  2. Josine Lafontaine
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  3. Hans-Peter Grossart
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Correspondence to David A Walsh .

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  1. George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Microbiology and, Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv, N/A, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel

    Uri Gophna

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Walsh, D., Lafontaine, J., Grossart, HP. (2013). On the Eco-Evolutionary Relationships of Fresh and Salt Water Bacteria and the Role of Gene Transfer in Their Adaptation. In: Gophna, U. (eds) Lateral Gene Transfer in Evolution. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7780-8_3

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