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Cytoskeletal Nuclear Links in the Cardiomyocyte

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Biophysics of the Failing Heart

Part of the book series: Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering ((BIOMEDICAL))

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Abstract

The cytoskeleton maintains the internal architecture of the cytoplasm and also transmits signals to the nucleus while also coordinating information from surrounding matrix and neighboring cells. The myocardium is composed of cardiomyocytes as well as cardiac fibroblasts in addition to the vascular structures that supply oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium. The terminally differentiated mature cardiomyocyte is a binucleate structure surrounded by a laminin–collagen-enriched extracellular matrix. Both cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes contribute to the formation of this matrix. The cardiomyocyte connects to the extracellular matrix through costameres. Costameres are rib-like structure along the surface of striated muscle cells and are found in both skeletal myofibers and cardiomyocytes [1, 2]. Costameres are in register with the Z bands, the electron dense regions that anchor actin filaments and highly concentrated with action binding proteins (Fig. 1). Therefore, costameres are the sarcolemmal reflection of the underlying intracytoplasmic myofilament structures and positioned to transmit from the Z band to the membrane and extracellular matrix.

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  1. Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland MC6088, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA

    Elizabeth McNally M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. Elizabeth McNally M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Elizabeth McNally M.D., Ph.D. .

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  1. Dept. of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA

    R. John Solaro

  2. University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA

    Jil C. Tardiff

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McNally, E. (2013). Cytoskeletal Nuclear Links in the Cardiomyocyte. In: Solaro, R., Tardiff, J. (eds) Biophysics of the Failing Heart. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7678-8_6

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