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Post-stroke Aphasia

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The Behavioral Consequences of Stroke

Abstract

Aphasia is a generic term used to describe a range of impairments in language function following acquired brain damage typically involving the left hemisphere [1–3]. Aphasia may affect all modes of expressive and receptive communication including speaking, understanding, writing, reading, and gesturing [1–3]. This definition seems superficial because it merely describes the surface behavioral deficits of aphasia (e.g., word-finding difficulty and reduced fluency) and mentions nothing about the underlying source of functional impairments. Some scientists prefer to describe aphasia as a multimodal impairment of the integral constituents of language, such as phonology, syntax, morphology, and lexical semantics [4]. Aphasia should not be regarded as a domain-specific language disorder because other cognitive skills (e.g., attention, learning, and memory and executive function) essential for normal processing of language are usually impaired as well. A growing body of evidence indicates that the adequate functioning of these nonlanguage cognitive functions is crucial for the recovery of aphasia and communication deficits [5]. This would imply that formal assessment of aphasia should not be restricted to the language domain; rather it needs to be expanded to include other cognitive and behavioral domains (see later). A new conceptualization of aphasia as a “discrete acquired disorder with a variety of aetiologies but specific characteristics” has been proposed as it provides a more informative viewpoint that may be useful to enhance public awareness of this still under-recognized condition [6]. In this chapter, we present an overview of acute and chronic post-stroke aphasia (PSA) covering epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Unit of Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (CIMES), University of Malaga, Marques de Beccaria 3, Malaga, 29010, Spain

    Marcelo L. Berthier M.D., Ph.D. & Natalia García-Casares M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Psychobiology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain

    Guadalupe Dávila Ph.D.

  3. Department of Spanish Language, Philosophy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain

    Ignacio Moreno-Torres Ph.D.

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  1. Marcelo L. Berthier M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Guadalupe Dávila Ph.D.
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  3. Natalia García-Casares M.D., Ph.D.
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  4. Ignacio Moreno-Torres Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Marcelo L. Berthier M.D., Ph.D. .

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  1. University of Toronto Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael’s Hospital Neuroscience Research Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Tom A. Schweizer

  2. University of Toronto Department of Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    R. Loch Macdonald

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Berthier, M.L., Dávila, G., García-Casares, N., Moreno-Torres, I. (2014). Post-stroke Aphasia. In: Schweizer, T., Macdonald, R. (eds) The Behavioral Consequences of Stroke. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7672-6_6

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