Abstract
Awealth of new concepts, discoveries, and techniques emerged in this period. Here I will note briefly some that were (or soon became) relevant to further investigations of membrane transport and cellular energetics.
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Notes to Chapter 7
Brand et al. (1945); Sanger and Tuppy (1951a,b). The latter described one of insulin’s two chains; the sequence of the other was published in 1953.
Pauling et al. (1951) and seven subsequent papers that year.
Schoenheimer (1942).
Avery et al. (1944).
Beadle and Tatum (1941).
Dayson and Daniel li (1943), Fig. 16b, p. 65. However, none of the amino acids shown corresponds to an ordinary one (all the standard amino acids of proteins were known by the time the book was published), and the bond angles in some lipids were distorted. Without these liberties, the amino acid side chains could not penetrate the hydrophobic region of the bilayer.
Lipmann (1941). In the text he used the symbol -ph rather than -P, presumably to distinguish between the phosphate group and the element phosphorus.
Ibid., pp. 100, 137.
Engelhardt and Ljubimowa (1939).
Cited in Szent-Györgyi (1947).
Szent-Györgyi (1947).
Straub (1950); Dubuisson (1952).
Straub (1950). He claimed that “no other enzyme knownchrwww(133) splits off only one inorganic phosphate residue from ATP except myosin” (p. 377).
Kielley and Meyerhof (1948).
Libet (1948).
Ochoa (1941, 1943).
Lardy and Wellman (1952); Copenhaver and Lardy (1952). Notable exceptions were PIO ratios near 2 with succinate and 4 with a-ketoglutarate.
Lehninger (1951). The technical problem was thought to lie in making the mitochondria leaky so added NADH could penetrate to the mitochondria) interior, but without destroying catalytic activity. This study also demonstrated that phosphorylation occurred at steps beyond substrate oxidation, an important distinction for discriminating between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation (cf. Chapter 16).
Kennedy and Lehninger (1949).
Palade (1952), p. 439.
Loomis and Lipmann (1948), p. 808.
Lardy and Elvehjem (1945), p. 16.
Boyer et al. (1942, 1943).
Larsen et al. (1994).
Hald et al. (1947), p. 348.
In discussion to Ussing (1948), p. 200.
Martin and Synge (1941), and a series of papers thereafter.
Hogeboom et al. (1948); Schneider (1948).
Microsomes were identified with fragments of the endoplasmic reticulum. The location of plasma membranes within this scheme was then uncertain.
Fenn (1962), p. 1.
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© 1997 American Physiological Society
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Robinson, J.D. (1997). Contemporary Events: 1939–1952. In: Moving Questions. People and Ideas Series. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7600-9_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7600-9_7
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