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Urea Excretion

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Book cover Renal Physiology

Part of the book series: People and Ideas ((PEOPL))

Abstract

It is true of the history of science in general that progress is marked by a series of scientific revolutions, and the history of urea excretion is no exception. Paradigms are accepted for a period of time, and only when new facts are found to overwhelmingly conflict with the current ideas are these discarded or modified in favor of new ones (72, 152). Thus it is not possible to write the history of urea excretion without reference to the controversies of the last 150 years between the vitalist beliefs and the beliefs that biological phenomena can be explained by simple physicochemical forces. In 1843 Carl Ludwig (82; author’s translation) wrote:

We have a vital, chemical and mechanical force, through which the secretion of fluid through membranes, blood vessels and glands takes place. About the first nothing is yet known, and at least it is not sufficiently defined, therefore I shall for the time being bypass it in silence and later as far as the kidney secretion is concerned show its complete uselessness.

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Authors
  1. Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. American Heart Association, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

    Carl W. Gottschalk (Career Investigator, Kenan Professor of Medicine and Physiology) (Career Investigator, Kenan Professor of Medicine and Physiology)

  2. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

    Robert W. Berliner (Professor Emeritus of Physiology and Medicine) (Professor Emeritus of Physiology and Medicine)

  3. Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

    Gerhard H. Giebisch (Sterling Professor of Physiology) (Sterling Professor of Physiology)

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© 1987 American Physiological Society

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Schmidt-Nielsen, B. (1987). Urea Excretion. In: Gottschalk, C.W., Berliner, R.W., Giebisch, G.H. (eds) Renal Physiology. People and Ideas. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7545-3_10

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