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Development of the Pulmonary Vasculature

  • Chapter
Lung Development

Part of the book series: Clinical Physiology Series ((CLINPHY))

Abstract

The cardiovascular system is the first organ system that forms during embryonic development. The primitive blood vessels must be in place to accommodate the cardiac output of the fetal heart which begins to beat as early as the 14th day of gestation in humans. Since the endothelial cell defines the lumen of the developing vasculature, it can be said to be one of the first cells in the organism to acquire a specialized function. The continued growth of endothelial tubes is necessitated by the nutritional and respiratory demands of the embryonic tissues beyond the reach of simple diffusion. Thus the spatial pattern of the developing vasculature is defined initially by the endothelial tubes and appears to be under strict developmental control. The continued growth of the endothelial tubes during organ morphogenesis is critical for the normal development of that organ. Development of larger blood vessels (i.e. arteries, arterioles, venules, and veins) from these initial vessels involves recruitment of smooth muscle cell (SMC) precursor cells into the region surrounding the endothelial tubes with subsequent morphogenesis of the appropriate blood vessel. This process requires that cells in the developing vessel, committed to becoming SMC, acquire specific functions and properties that distinguish them from other cell types. In addition, these cells must function to control blood flow while also participating in the process forming a complex vascular structure. Thus dramatic changes in cellular (SMC) proliferation, matrix production, and contractile protein expression take place over the course of vascular development. The SMC in the adult vessel wall perform mostly contractile functions but must also retain the capability of re-expressing certain characteristics of earlier development (migration/proliferation and matrix production) in response to injury.

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Authors
  1. Nicholas W. Morrell
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  2. Mary C. M. Weiser
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  3. Kurt R. Stenmark
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Service de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Robert Debré, Université Paris 7, Paris, France

    Claude Gaultier

  2. INSERM Unité 319, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France

    Jacques R. Bourbon

  3. The Medical Research Council Group in Lung Development, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    Martin Post

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© 1999 American Physiological Society

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Morrell, N.W., Weiser, M.C.M., Stenmark, K.R. (1999). Development of the Pulmonary Vasculature. In: Gaultier, C., Bourbon, J.R., Post, M. (eds) Lung Development. Clinical Physiology Series. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7537-8_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7537-8_6

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