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Flow Effects on Endothelial Cell Signal Transduction, Function, and Mediator Release

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Flow-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Function

Part of the book series: Clinical Physiology Series ((CLINPHY))

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Abstract

The circulation in animals has evolved to reduce the diffusional distance between the nutrient supply and the cells constituting the organism. Depending on environmental changes and the activity performed by the animal, the metabolic demand by the different tissues can vary significantly. For a long time, it was generally accepted that there were two different control mechanisms for controlling blood flow within the circulation in animals: a systemic control by the central nervous system via the sympathetic neuronal network and by hormones from the adrenal gland, and a local control mediated by the metabolism of the organs. The role of flow as a potential factor for local regulation of vascular function has been recognized more recently. There is now considerable evidence that the size of blood vessels and vascular tone are dependent on the local level of wall shear stress in the vasculature, and that endothelial cells mediate the response of vessels to changes in flow conditions (74, 89, 98, 91, 125, 149, 150, 173, 183). In other words, endothelial cells, which are in direct contact with the flowing blood, act as flow sensors and generate signals to trigger the appropriate response by the vessels. Given the large amount of data showing that various agonists stimulate endothelial cells to secrete various vasoactive and mitogenic substances (for review, see [57]), it appears likely that flow-induced effects on vessel size and tone, which are generally effected by the underlying smooth muscle cells, may also be mediated by substances released by the endothelium.

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  1. Francois Berthiaume
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  1. Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA

    John A. Bevan M.D.

  2. Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA

    Gabor Kaley Ph.D.

  3. Berlex Biosciences, Richmond, California, USA

    Gabor M. Rubanyi M.D., Ph.D.

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Berthiaume, F., Frangos, J.A. (1995). Flow Effects on Endothelial Cell Signal Transduction, Function, and Mediator Release. In: Bevan, J.A., Kaley, G., Rubanyi, G.M. (eds) Flow-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Function. Clinical Physiology Series. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7527-9_5

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