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Blood Gas Transport and Analysis

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Respiratory Physiology

Part of the book series: People and Ideas ((PEOPL))

Abstract

According to Greek philosophy, the multifariousness of nature was accounted for by the endless joining and parting of the four fundamental elements: earth, water, air, and fire. Specific qualities were attributed to mixtures of the elements, and the health of a body was thought to depend on the state of balance between the qualities. This concept was further elaborated by Hippocrates (460–377 B. c.) and his pupils in the doctrine of the four humours—blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile—each of which was believed to contain mixtures of pairs of quality, primarily the pairs dry/ wet and hot/cold. Any disturbance of this balance was understood to cause illness. The balance was presumed to depend on the body heat generated by an inner fire situated in the left ventricle of the heart, where it was nourished by air arriving from the lungs, and by consumption of food. According to the teaching of Aristotle (384–323 B. c.), the arteries carried air, and the veins transported blood, to the periphery of the body. Erasistratus of Cos (c. 330–250 B. c.) coined the word pneuma to describe the substance that was generated in the left ventricle when air arrived from the lungs and was pumped out through the arteries to the tissues.

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Authors
  1. Poul Astrup
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  2. John W. Severinghaus
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

    John B. West

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© 1996 American Physiological Society

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Astrup, P., Severinghaus, J.W. (1996). Blood Gas Transport and Analysis. In: West, J.B. (eds) Respiratory Physiology. People and Ideas. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7520-0_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7520-0_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-7520-0

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