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Smoking and Lung Inflammation pp 143–157Cite as

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Local and Systemic Disease

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Abstract

COPD is a common and important disorder that affects more than 200 million people worldwide. Its incidence is rising and by 2020 it is projected to become the fourth leading cause of death worldwide [1]. COPD is characterized by an abnormal inflammatory response in the lung to noxious particles or gases [2], but there is increasing evidence and acceptance that COPD also has important systemic manifestations. The Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) definition includes the statement that COPD has “significant extrapulmonary effects that may contribute to the severity in individual patients” [2]. Indeed, careful analysis of data from the Towards a Revolution in COPD Health (TORCH) study found that only 40 % of deaths in patients with well-characterised moderate to very severe airflow limitation were definitely or probably related to COPD. Cause-specific mortality was: cardiovascular 27 %, respiratory 35 %, cancer 21 % (predominantly lung cancer), other 10 % and unknown 8 % [3]. In this chapter we will highlight the critical role of airway and systemic inflammation in COPD and review the impact of exacerbations on both the local and extrapulmonary manifestations of this important disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Respiratory Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK

    Alex J. Mackay M.B.B.S., M.R.C.P., Anant R. C. Patel M.B.B.S., M.R.C.P. & Jadwiga A. Wedzicha M.D. F.R.C.P.

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  1. Alex J. Mackay M.B.B.S., M.R.C.P.
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  2. Anant R. C. Patel M.B.B.S., M.R.C.P.
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  3. Jadwiga A. Wedzicha M.D. F.R.C.P.
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Correspondence to Alex J. Mackay M.B.B.S., M.R.C.P. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Inflammation, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Thomas J. Rogers

  2. Department of Medicine & Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Gerard J. Criner

  3. Center for Inflammation, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    William D. Cornwell

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Mackay, A.J., Patel, A.R.C., Wedzicha, J.A. (2013). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Local and Systemic Disease. In: Rogers, T., Criner, G., Cornwell, W. (eds) Smoking and Lung Inflammation. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7351-0_7

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