Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Diet Quality Assessed with the “Framingham Nutritional Risk Score”

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Diet Quality

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

  • 2259 Accesses

Abstract

Research into methods of dietary exposure assessment and the application of these techniques to population-based research has become a prolific area of investigation since the field of nutrition epidemiology emerged as a recognized domain in the 1980s [1, 2]. Prior to that time, the tools available to the assess food and nutrient intakes were much more limited in number, including, in particular, the dietary history, 24-h recall, and multiple-day dietary records; they were also highly labor intensive and had only limited application in population studies [3]. Indeed ongoing surveillance of the food and nutrient behaviors at an individual level in the United States (US) and the international setting were not yet firmly established as central features of public health policy and population health monitoring. In addition, the assessment of dietary quality was largely limited in comparison with the individual’s intake of single nutrients to expert standards such as the US National Academy of Sciences Recommended Dietary Allowances [4].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

DASH:

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

FFQ:

Food frequency questionnaire

FHS:

Framingham Heart Study

FNRS:

Framingham Nutritional Risk Score

FNS:

Framingham Nutrition Studies

FOS:

Framingham Offspring/Spouse Study

ICC:

Intra-class correlation

MetS:

Metabolic syndrome

MSDPS:

Mediterranean-style dietary pattern score

NCEP ATP III:

National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III

US:

United States

References

  1. Moeller SM, Reedy J, Millen AE, et al. Dietary patterns: challenges and opportunities in dietary patterns research an Experimental Biology workshop, April 1, 2006. J Am Diet Assoc. 2007;107:1233–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Hu FB. Dietary pattern analysis: a new direction in nutritional epidemiology. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2002;13:3–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Willett W. Nutritional epidemiology. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1998.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  4. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes: energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids (macronutrients). Washington, DC: National Academy Press. 2005. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309085373. Accessed 26 Aug 2011.

  5. Millen BE, Vernarelli JA. Survey research planning and questionnaire design. In: Monsen ER, Van Horn L, editors. Research: successful approaches. 3rd ed. Chicago, IL: American Dietetic Association; 2008. p. 167–86.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Guenther PM, Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM, Reeve BB, Basiotis PP. Development and evaluation of the Healthy Eating Index-2005: technical report. Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, US Department of Agriculture. 2007. http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/HealthyEatingIndex.htm. Accessed 26 Aug 2011.

  7. Trichopoulou A, Costacou T, Bamia C, Trichopoulos D. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and survival in a Greek population. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2599–608.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Millen BE, Quatromoni PA, Copenhafer DL, Demissie S, O’Horo CE, D’Agostino RB. Validation of a dietary pattern approach for evaluating nutritional risk: the Framingham Nutrition Studies. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001;101:187–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Quatromoni PA, Copenhafer DL, Demissie S, et al. The internal validity of a dietary pattern analysis. The Framingham Nutrition Studies. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2002;56:381–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Wolongevicz DM, Zhu L, Pencina MJ, et al. An obesity dietary quality index predicts abdominal obesity in women: potential opportunity for new prevention and treatment paradigms. J Obes. 2010;2010. pii:945987.

  11. Millen BE, Quatromoni PA. Nutritional research within the Framingham Heart Study. J Nutr Health Aging. 2001;5:139–43.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Millen BE, Quatromoni PA, Pencina MJ, et al. Unique dietary patterns and chronic disease risk profiles of adult men: The Framingham Nutrition Studies. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005;105:1723–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Schulze MB, Hoffmann K, Kroke A, Boeing H. Dietary patterns and their association with food and nutrient intake in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study. Br J Nutr. 2001;85:363–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kant AK. Dietary patterns: biomarkers and chronic disease risk. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2010;35:199–206.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Wirt A, Collins CE. Diet quality—what is it and does it matter? Public Health Nutr. 2009;12:2473–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, et al. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1117–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Sacks FM, Bray GA, Carey VJ, et al. Comparison of weight-loss diets with different compositions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:859–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Dawber TR. The Framingham study: the epidemiology of atherosclerotic disease. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kannel WB, Feinleib M, McNamara PM, Garrison RJ, Castelli WP. An investigation of coronary heart disease in families. The Framingham offspring study. Am J Epidemiol. 1979;110:281–90.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Millen BE, Quatromoni PA, Gagnon DR, Cupples LA, Franz MM, D’Agostino RB. Dietary patterns of men and women suggest targets for health promotion: the Framingham Nutrition Studies. Am J Health Promot. 1996;11:42–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Millen BE, Quatromoni PA, Nam BH, O’Horo CE, Polak JF, D’Agostino RB. Dietary patterns and the odds of carotid atherosclerosis in women: the Framingham Nutrition Studies. Prev Med. 2002;35:540–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Quatromoni PA, Copenhafer DL, D’Agostino RB, Millen BE. Dietary patterns predict the development of overweight in women: The Framingham Nutrition Studies. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002;102:1239–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion. Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 6th ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 2005. http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/document/default.htm. Accessed 26 Aug 2011.

  24. Newby PK, Hu FB, Rimm EB, et al. Reproducibility and validity of the diet quality index revised as assessed by use of a food-frequency questionnaire. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:941–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Du H, van der A DL, van Bakel MM, Verberne LD, Ocké M, Feskens EJ. Reproducibility and relative validity of dietary glycaemic index and glycaemic load assessed by the food-frequency questionnaire used in the Dutch cohorts of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Br J Nutr. 2009;102:601–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Levitan EB, Westgren CW, Liu S, Wolk A. Reproducibility and validity of dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load, and total carbohydrate intake in 141 Swedish men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85:548–53.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Murakami K, Sasaki S, Takahashi Y, et al. Reproducibility and relative validity of dietary glycaemic index and load assessed with a self-administered diet-history questionnaire in Japanese adults. Br J Nutr. 2008;99:639–48.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kimokoti RW, Newby PK, Gona P, et al. Stability of the Framingham Nutritional Risk Score and its component nutrients over 8 years: The Framingham Nutrition Studies. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012;66:336–44. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2011.167.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Wolongevicz DM, Zhu L, Pencina MJ, et al. Diet quality and obesity in women: the Framingham Nutrition Studies. Br J Nutr. 2010;103:1223–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Millen BE, Pencina MJ, Kimokoti RW, et al. Nutritional risk and the metabolic syndrome in women: opportunities for preventive intervention from the Framingham Nutrition Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84:434–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Kimokoti RW, Newby PK, Gona P, et al. Diet quality, physical activity, smoking status, and weight fluctuation are associated with weight change in women and men. J Nutr. 2010;140:1287–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Lovejoy JC, Sainsbury A, Stock Conference 2008 Working Group. Sex differences in obesity and the regulation of energy homeostasis. Obes Rev. 2009;10:154–67.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Regitz-Zagrosek V, Lehmkuhl E, Mahmoodzadeh S. Gender aspects of the role of the metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Gend Med. 2007;4 Suppl B:S162–77.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Cornier MA, Dabelea D, Hernandez TL, et al. The metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev. 2008;29:777–822.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Ren J, Kelley RO. Cardiac health in women with metabolic syndrome: clinical aspects and pathophysiology. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009;17:1114–23.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Mosca L, Benjamin EJ, Berra K, et al. Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women—2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123:1243–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Quatromoni PA, Pencina M, Cobain MR, Jacques PF, D’Agostino RB. Dietary quality predicts adult weight gain: findings from the Framingham Offspring Study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006;14:1383–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Rumawas ME, Meigs JB, Dwyer JT, McKeown NM, Jacques PF. Mediterranean-style dietary pattern, reduced risk of metabolic syndrome traits, and incidence in the Framingham Offspring Cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90:1608–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Gao SK, Beresford SA, Frank LL, Schreiner PJ, Burke GL, Fitzpatrick AL. Modifications to the Healthy Eating Index and its ability to predict obesity: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:64–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Romaguera D, Norat T, Vergnaud AC, et al. Mediterranean dietary patterns and prospective weight change in participants of the EPIC-PANACEA project. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92:912–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Beunza JJ, Toledo E, Hu FB, et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, long-term weight change, and incident overweight or obesity: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92:1484–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Tortosa A, Bes-Rastrollo M, Sanchez-Villegas A, Basterra-Gortari FJ, Nuñez-Cordoba JM, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. Mediterranean diet inversely associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome: the SUN prospective cohort. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:2957–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Kimokoti RW, Gona P, Zhu L, Newby PK, Millen BE, Brown LS, D’Agostino RB, Fung TT. Dietary patterns of women are associated with incident abdominal obesity but not metabolic syndrome. J Nutr. 2012;142:1720–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Simmons College, 300 The Fenway, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Ruth W. Kimokoti

  2. Boston Nutrition Foundation and Millennium Prevention, Inc., Westwood, MA, USA

    Barbara E. Millen

Authors
  1. Ruth W. Kimokoti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Barbara E. Millen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ruth W. Kimokoti .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  2. Rosemead Surgery, 8A Ray Park Avenue, Maidenhead, SL6 8DS, Berkshire, United Kingdom

    Lan-Anh Hunter

  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W 6UW, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kimokoti, R.W., Millen, B.E. (2013). Diet Quality Assessed with the “Framingham Nutritional Risk Score”. In: Preedy, V., Hunter, LA., Patel, V. (eds) Diet Quality. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7315-2_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7315-2_22

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-7314-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-7315-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation