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Molecular Mimicry by γ-2 Herpesviruses to Modulate Host Cell Signaling Pathways

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Primates, Pathogens, and Evolution

Part of the book series: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects ((DIPR))

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Abstract

Herpesviruses are large double-stranded DNA viruses that can establish life-long infection in their respective hosts and are capable of undergoing either latent or lytic replication. They are grouped into three subfamilies (α, β, and γ) based on their genome organization and biological characteristics. γ-Herpesviruses are oncogenic viruses capable of causing neoplasia in the infected host and contain multiple genes that contribute to virus-induced tumorigenesis. The ability of γ-herpesviruses to manipulate the lymphocyte activation pathways is particularly important to ensure their survival and concealment from host immune surveillance since they establish latent reservoirs within circulating lymphocytes. This chapter focuses on the unique viral genes located adjacent to the terminal ends of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), herpesvirus saimiri (HVS), and rhesus rhadinovirus (RRV) genomes, three γ-Herpesviridae members that infect primates. Despite a lack of sequence similarity between these viral proteins, they are remarkably conserved in their structure and functions. In addition, this chapter covers some of the exciting studies on viral microRNAs (miRNAs) and their influence on both host cellular processes and the viral life cycle. Together, these viral proteins and miRNAs modulate multiple signaling pathways and contribute to viral-dependent proliferation phenotypes seen in infected organisms. Deciphering the virus-specific functions of these genes and miRNAs not only reveal the high level of molecular piracy among these viruses but may also shed light on how these complex virus–host interactions have shaped the coevolution of γ-herpesviruses and their respective primate hosts.

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  1. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA

    Lai-Yee Wong, Zsolt Toth, Kevin F. Brulois, Kyung-Soo Inn, Sun Hwa Lee, Hye-Ra Lee & Jae U. Jung

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  1. Lai-Yee Wong
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  2. Zsolt Toth
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Correspondence to Lai-Yee Wong .

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  1. Department of Pediatrics, CHU Saint-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Jessica F. Brinkworth

  2. Department of Anthropology, Queens College, City University of New Y, New York, New York, USA

    Kate Pechenkina

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Wong, LY. et al. (2013). Molecular Mimicry by γ-2 Herpesviruses to Modulate Host Cell Signaling Pathways. In: Brinkworth, J., Pechenkina, K. (eds) Primates, Pathogens, and Evolution. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7181-3_8

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