Abstract
Piezoelectric-based or acoustic wave (AW) sensors such as surface acoustic wave (SAW), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) or bulk acoustic wave (BAW), and cantilever-based devices create a specific class of gas sensors widely used in various applications. The present chapter gives detailed information about piezoelectric materials which can be used in these devices. Descriptions of materials acceptable for fabrication of both interdigital transducers (IDT) in piezoelectric-based gas sensors and high temperature AW devices are given. Materials used for forming gas sensing layers, which provide high sensitivity and selectivity to acoustic wave devices, and approaches used for miniaturization of piezoelectric sensors are also analyzed. The chapter includes 7 figures, 11 tables, and 82 references.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Afzal A, Dickert FL (2011) Surface acoustic wave sensors for chemical applications. In: Korotcenkov G (ed) Chemical sensors: comprehensive sensor technologies, vol 4, Solid state devices. Momentum, New York, pp 447–484
Ameloot R, Stappers L, Fransaer J, Alaerts L, Sels BF, De Vos DE (2009) Patterned growth of metal-organic framework coatings by electrochemical synthesis. Chem Mater 21:2580–2582
Ballantine DS, Wohltjen H (1989) Surface acoustic wave devices for chemical analysis. Anal Chem 61:704–715
Ballantine DS Jr, White RM, Martin SJ, Ricco AJ, Zellers ET, Frye GC, Wohltjen H (1996) Acoustic wave sensors: theory, design, and physico-chemical applications. In: Levy M, Stern R (eds) Applications of modern acoustics. Academic, San Diego
Ballantine DS Jr, White RM, Martin SJ, Ricco AJ, Frye GC, Zellers ET, Wohltjen H (1997) Acoustic wave sensors: theory, design, and physico-chemical applications. Academic, San Diego
Bein T, Brown K, Frye GC, Brinker CJ (1989) Molecular sieve sensors for selective detection at the nanogram level. J Am Chem Soc 111:7640–7641
Bryant A, Poirier M, Riley DL, Vetelino JF (1983) Gas detection using surface acoustic wave delay lines. Sens Actuators 4:105–111
Carey WP, Beebe KR, Kowalski BR, Illman DL, Hirschfeld T (1986) Selection of adsorbates for chemical sensor arrays by pattern recognition. Anal Chem 58:149–153
Cheeke JDN, Wang Z (1999) Acoustic wave gas sensors. Sens Actuators B 59:146–153
Cheremisinof PN, Ellerbusch F (eds) (1980) Carbon adsorption handbook. Science, Ann Arbor, pp 241–279
Comyn J (ed) (1985) Permeation of gases and vapors in polymers. Elsevier, London
Cook RL, MacDuff RC, Sammels AF (1989) Organophosphine transition metal complexes as selective surfaces for the reversible detection of sulfur dioxide with piezoelectric crystal sensors. Anal Chim Acta 217:101–109
D’Amico A, Verona E (1989) SAW sensors. Sens Actuators 17:55–66
D’Amico A, Paima A, Verona E (1982) Palladium‐surface acoustic wave interaction for hydrogen detection. Appl Phys Lett 41:300–301
D’Amico A, Petri A, Verardi P, Verona E (1987) NH3 surface acoustic wave gas detector. Proc IEEE Ultrason Symp 1987:633–636
Ding B, Kim JH, Miyazaki Y, Shiratori SM (2004) Electrospun nanofibrous membranes coated quartz crystal microbalance as gas sensor for NH3 detection. Sens Actuators B 101:373–380
Drafts B (2001) Acoustic wave technology sensors. IEEE Trans Microw Theory 49:795–802
Edmonds TE, Hepher MJ, West TS (1988) Studies on the adsorption of nitrogen dioxide onto manganese dioxide-coated quartz piezoelectric crystals. Anal Chim Acta 207:67–75
Fachberger R, Bruckner G, Knoll G, Hauser R, Biniasch J, Reindl L (2004) Applicability of LiNbO3, langasite and GaPO4 in high temperature SAW sensors operating at radio frequencies. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 51:1427–1431
Fanget S, Hentz S, Puget P, Arcamone J, Matheron M, Colinet E, Andreucci P, Duraffourg L, Myers E, Roukes ML (2011) Gas sensors based on gravimetric detection—a review. Sens Actuators B 160:804–821
Fechete AC, Wlodarski W, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Holland AS, Antoszewski J, Kaciulis S, Pandolfi L (2006) SAW-based gas sensors with rf sputtered InOx and PECVD SiNx films: response to H2 and O3 gases. Sens Actuators B 118:362–367
Ferrari V (2004) Acoustic-wave piezoelectric and pyroelectric sensors based on PZT thick films. In: Yurish SY, Gomes MTSR (eds) Smart sensors and MEMS, vol 181, NATO science series II: mathematics, physics and chemistry. Springer, New York, pp 125–154
Ferrari V, Marioli D, Taroni A, Ranucci E (2000) Multisensor array of mass microbalances for chemical detection based on resonant piezo-layers of screen-printed PZT. Sens Actuators B 68:81–87
Fielden PR, McCallum JJ, Stanios T, Alder JF (1984) Detection of toluene diisocyanate with a coated quartz piezoelectric crystal: part 4. A portable automatic detector with humidity correction. Anal Chim Acta 162:85–96
Fritze H (2011) High-temperature bulk acoustic wave sensors. Meas Sci Technol 22:012002
Fritze H, Tuller HL (2001) Langasite for high temperature bulk acoustic wave applications. J Appl Phys Lett 78:976–977
Fritze H, Schulz M, She H, Tuller HL (2006) Sensor application-related defect chemistry and electromechanical properties of langasite. Solid State Ionics 177:2313–2316
Grate JW, Martin SJ, White RM (1993a) Acoustic-wave microsensors. Anal Chem 65:A940–A948
Grate JW, Martin SJ, White RM (1993b) Acoustic-wave microsensors. Anal Chem 65:A987–A996
Guilbault GG, Affolter J, Tomita Y, Kolesar ES Jr (1981) Piezoelectric crystal coating for detection of organophosphorus compounds. Anal Chem 53:2057–2060
Harbeck M, Sen Z, Gürol I, Gümüs G, Musluoglu E, Ahsen V, Öztürk ZZ (2011) Vic-dioximes: a new class of sensitive materials for chemical gas sensing. Sens Actuators B 156:673–679
Ippolito SJ, Trinchi A, Powell DA, Wlodarski W (2009) Acoustic wave gas and vapor sensors. In: Comini E, Faglia G, Sberveglieri G (eds) Solid state gas sensing. Springer, New York, pp 261–304
Jakubik WP, Urbaczyk MW, Kochowski S, Bodzenta J (2002) Bilayer structure for hydrogen detection in a surface acoustic wave sensor system. Sens Actuators B 82:265–271
Kholkin AL, Kiselev DA, Kholkine LA, Safari A (2009) Smart ferroelectric ceramics for transducer applications, Chapter 9.1. In: Schwartz M (ed) Smart materials. CRC, Boca Raton
King WH (1964) Piezoelectric sorption detector. Anal Chem 36:1735–1739
Korotcenkov G (ed) (2011) Chemical sensors: comprehensive sensor technologies, vol 4, Solid state devices. Momentum, New York
Kreno LE, Leong K, Farha OK, Allendorf M, Van Duyne RP, Hupp JT (2012) Metal-organic framework materials as chemical sensors. Chem Rev 112:1105–1125
Kurosawa S, Kamo N, Matsui D, Kobatake Y (1990) Gas sorption to plasma-polymerized copper phthalocyanine film formed on a piezoelectric crystal. Anal Chem 62:353–359
Lai CSI, Moody GJ, Thomas JDR (1986) Piezoelectric quartz crystal detection of ammonia using pyridoxine hydrochloride supported on a polyethoxylate matrix. Analyst 111:511–515
Lakin KM (2005) Thin film resonator technology. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr 52:707–716
Lang SB (2005) Pyroelectricity: from ancient curiosity to modern imaging tool. Phys Today 58:31–36
Lee L-H (1991) Fundamentals of adhesion. Plenum, New York
Lee JH, Yoon KH, Hwang KS, Park J, Ahn S, Kim TS (2004) Label free novel electrical detection using micromachined PZT monolithic thin film cantilever for the detection of C-reactive protein. Biosens Bioelectron 20:269–275
Lee Y, Lim G, Moon W (2006) A self-excited micro cantilever biosensor actuated by PZT using the mass micro balancing technique. Sens Actuators A 130–131:105–110
Lozano J, Fernandez MJ, Fontecha JL, Aleixandre M, Santos JP, Sayago I, Arroyo T, Cabellos JM, Gutierrez FJ, Horrillo MC (2006) Wine classification with a zinc oxide SAW sensor array. Sens Actuators B 120:166–171
Martin SJ, Schweizer KS, Schwartz SS, Gunshor RL (1984) Vapor sensing by means of a ZnO-on-Si surface acoustic wave resonator. Proc IEEE Ultrason Symp 1984:207–213
Martin SJ, Ricco AJ, Ginley DS, Zipperian TE (1987) Isothermal measurements and thermal desorption of organic vapors using SAW devices. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 34:142–147
Martin SJ, Frye GC, Spates JJ, Butler MA (1996) Gas sensing with acoustic devices. Proc IEEE Ultrason Symp 1996:423–434
Monreal FJ, Marl CM (1987) The use of polymer materials as sensitive elements in physical and chemical sensors. Sens Actuators 12:129–144
Mortet V, Williams OA, Haenen K (2008) Diamond: a material for acoustic devices. Phys Stat Sol 205(5):1009–1020
Nieuwenhuizen MS, Nederlof AJ (1988) Surface acoustic wave gas sensor for nitrogen dioxide using phthalocyanines as chemical interfaces. Effects of nitric oxide, halogen gases, and prolonged heat treatment. Anal Chem 60:236–240
Özgür Ü, Alivov Ya I, Liu C, Teke A, Reshchikov MA, Doğan S, Avrutin V, Cho S-J, Morkoç H (2005) A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices. J Appl Phys 98:041301
Pribil R, Bilkova E (1992) The use of a piezoelectric crystal to determine sulphur dioxide in gases. Talanta 39:361–366
Ricco AJ, Martin SJ (1992) Thin metal film characterization and chemical sensors: monitoring electronic conductivity, mass loading and mechanical properties with surface acoustic wave devices. Thin Solid Films 206:94–101
Ricco AJ, Martin SJ, Zipperian TE (1985) Surface acoustic wave gas sensor based on film conductivity changes. Sens Actuators 8:319–333
Richter D, Fritze H, Schneider T, Hauptmann P, Bauersfeld N, Kramer KD, Wiesner K, Fleischer M, Karle G, Schubert A (2006) Integrated high temperature gas sensor system based on bulk acoustic wave resonators. Sens Actuators B 118:466–471
Rosen CZ, Hiremath BV, Newnham R (eds) (1992) Piezoelectricity. Springer-Verlag, New York
Roy S, Basu S (2002) Improved zinc oxide film for gas sensor applications. Bull Mater Sci 25:513–515
Sanchez-Pedreno JAO, Drew PKP, Alder JF (1986) The investigation of coating materials for the detection of nitrobenzene with coated quartz piezoelectric crystals. Anal Chim Acta 182:285–291
Scheide EP, Taylor JK (1974) Piezoelectric sensor for mercury in air. Environ Sci Technol 8:1087–1091
Schulz M, Sauerwald J, Richter D, Fritze H (2009) Electromechanical properties and defect chemistry of high-temperature piezoelectric materials. Ionics 15:157–161
Schwartz RW, Ballato J, Haertling GH (2004) Piezoelectric and electro-optic ceramics. In: Buchanan RC (ed) Ceramic materials for electronics. Dekker, New York, pp 207–315
Şen Z, Gürol I, Gümüş G, Musluoğlu E, Harbeck M, Ahsen V, Öztürk ZZ (2010) Organophosphate sensing with vic-dioximes using QCM sensors. IEEE SENSORS 2010 Conference, pp 2127–2130
Setter N (ed) (2002) Piezoelectric materials in devices. EPFL Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne
Smith RT, Welsh FS (1971) Temperature dependence of the elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric constants of lithium tantalate and lithium niobate. J Appl Phys 42:2219–2230
Smythe R, Helmbold RC, Hague GE, Snow KA (2000) Langasite, langanite, and langatate bulk-wave Y-cut resonators. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 47:355–360
Suleiman AA, Guilbault GG (1984a) Mercury displacement in the determination of sulfur dioxide with a piezoelectric crystal detector. Anal Chem 56:2964–2966
Suleiman A, Guilbault GG (1984b) A coated piezoelectric crystal detector for phosgene. Anal Chim Acta 162:97–102
Tadigadapa S, Mateti K (2009) Piezoelectric MEMS sensors: state-of-the-art and perspectives. Meas Sci Technol 20:092001–092030
Tuller HL (2003) Defect engineering: design tools for solid state electrochemical devices. Electrochim Acta 48:2879–2887
Uchino K, Ito Y (2009) Smart ceramics: transducers, sensors, and actuators, Chapter 9.2. In: Schwartz M (ed) Smart materials. CRC, Boca Raton
Vashist SK, Korotcenkov G (2011) Microcantilever-based chemical sensors. In: Korotcenkov G (ed) Chemical sensors: comprehensive sensor technologies, vol 4, Solid state devices. Momentum, New York, USA, pp 321–376
Vellekoop MJ (1998) Acoustic wave sensors and their technology. Ultrasonics 36:7–14
Voinova M, Jonson M (2011) The quartz crystal microbalance. In: Korotcenkov G (ed) Chemical sensors: comprehensive sensor technologies, vol 4, Solid state devices. Momentum, New York, pp 377–445
Wang QM, Shen DM, Bulow M, Lau ML, Deng SG, Fitch FR, Lemcoff NO, Semanscin J (2002) Metallo-organic molecular sieve for gas separation and purification. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 55:217–230
Wang W, He S, Li S, Pan Y (2006) Enhanced sensitivity of SAW gas sensor based on high frequency stability oscillator. Smart Mater Struct 15:1525–1530
Weber J, Albers WM, Tuppurainen J, Link M, Gabl R, Wersing W, Schreiter M (2006) Shear mode FBARs as highly sensitive liquid biosensors. Sens Actuators A 128:84–88
Wohltjen H (1984) Chemical microsensors and microinstrumentation. Anal Chem 56:87A–103A
Wood GO, Moyer ES (1991) A review and comparison of adsorption isotherm equations used to correlate and predict organic vapor cartridge capacities. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 52:235–242
Yanagitani T, Kiuchi M, Matsukawa M, Watanabe Y (2007) Characteristics of pure-shear mode BAW resonators consisting of (1120) textured ZnO films. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 54:1680–1686
Ye ZG (ed) (2008) Handbook of advanced dielectric piezoelectric and ferroelectric mater: synthesis characterization and applications. Woodhead, Cambridge
Zhang J, Hu J, Zhu ZQ, Gong H, O’Shea SJ (2004) Quartz crystal microbalance coated with solgel-derived indium-tin oxide thin films as gas sensor for NO detection. Colloid Surf A 236:23–30
Zhang YS, Yu K, Xu RL, Jiang DS, Luo LQ, Zhu ZQ (2005) Quartz crystal microbalance coated with carbon nanotube films used as humidity sensor. Sens Actuators A 120:142–146
Zhang S, Yu F, Xia R, Fei Y, Frantz E, Zhao X, Yuan D, Chai BHT, Snyder D, Shrout TR (2011) High-temperature ReCOB piezocrystals: recent developments. J Crystal Growth 318:884–889
Zhou X, Zhang J, Jiang T, Wang X, Zhu Z (2007) Humidity detection by nanostructured ZnO: a wireless quartz crystal microbalance investigation. Sens Actuators A 135:209–214
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Korotcenkov, G. (2013). Materials for Piezoelectric-Based Gas Sensors. In: Handbook of Gas Sensor Materials. Integrated Analytical Systems. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7165-3_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7165-3_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-7164-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-7165-3
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)