Skip to main content

Cross-Cultural Variation in Altruism: Traditional Parental Manipulation and Ancestor-Descendant Conflict

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Altruism in Cross-Cultural Perspective

Part of the book series: International and Cultural Psychology ((ICUP))

  • 1665 Accesses

Abstract

Evolutionary theorists have applied a number of novel approaches—cultural, psychological, and genetic—to the study of altruism. In this chapter, we assume that genes play a role in altruistic behavior, that psychological factors are also involved, and that culture is as important as each of these other factors. Both genes and the environment, which includes culture and social relationships, are involved in all behavioral traits, including that of behaving altruistically. Because a number of scholars have already focused on possible genes and on psychological mechanisms, we turn to an explanation of cultural factors that seem to be aimed not only at teaching and encouraging altruism but at preventing and resolving the conflicts that make the expression of altruism difficult.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alexander, R. (1974). The evolution of social behavior. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 5, 325–383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, R. (1979). Darwinism and human affairs. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandalier, G. (1972). Anthropological politique. Hammondworth: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, F. (2005). Altruism and genetic relatedness. In D. M. Buss (Ed.), The handbook of evolutionary psychology (pp. 528–551). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briffault, R. (1931). The mothers: The matriarchal theory of social origins. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D. T. (1975). On the conflicts between biological and social evolution and between psychology and moral tradition. American Psychologist, 30, 1103–1126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coe, K. (1995). Messages from the ancestors: Moral systems and laws of the Chachi of Lowland Ecuador. Dissertation, Arizona State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coe, K. (2003). The ancestress hypothesis. Newark, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coe, K., Palmer, A. L., Palmer, C. T., & DeVito, C. L. (2010). Culture, altruism, and conflict between ancestors and descendants. Structure and Dynamics, 4(3), 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coulanges, F. (1955, first published in 1864). The ancient city. Garden City, NY: Doubleday and Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronk, L. (1999). That complex whole. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Culwick, A. T., & Culwick, G. M. (1935). Ubena of the rivers. London: G. Allen and Unwin, Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawkins, R. (1982). The extended phenotype. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, A. (1951). The evolution of law and order. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edel, M., & Edel, A. (1957). Anthropology and ethics. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1951). The Nuer: A description of the modes of livelihood and political institutions of a Nilotic people. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Furer-Haimendorf, C. (1967). Tribal populations and cultures of the Indian subcontinent. Leiden, NL: E. J. Brill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbes, T. (1651) Pirated edition of The elements of law, natural and politic, repackaged to include two parts. Human nature, or the fundamental elements of Policie and De Corpore Politico. Retrieved March 22, 2013 from http://www.constitution.org/th/elements.htm.

  • Hoebel, E. A. (1949). Man in the primitive world: An introduction to anthropology. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johns, C. (1903). The oldest code of law in the world. Edinburgh, SCT: T and T. Clark.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, O. (1984). Ethics: Selections from classical and contemporary writers (5th ed.). New York: Hold, Rinehart, and Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keesing, R. M. (1975). Kin groups and social structure. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, P. (1972). Law and society in the Visigothic kingdom. New York: Vantage Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroeber, A. L. (1948, first published in 1923). Anthropology (Revised ed). New York: Harcourt, Brace.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurland, J. A., & Gaulin, S. (2005). Cooperation and conflict among kin. In D. M. Buss (Ed.), The handbook of evolutionary psychology (pp. 447–482). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lancaster, J. B., & Kaplan, H. S. (2009). The endocrinology of the human adaptive complex. In P. T. Ellison & P. B. Gray (Eds.), Endocrinology of social relationships (pp. 95–118). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowie, R. (1934, first published in 1919). Primitive society. New York: Ferrar and Reinhart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malinowski, B. (1932). The sexual life of savages (3rd ed.). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Middleton, J. (1960). Lugbara religion: Ritual and authority among an East African people. London: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, L. H. (1963, first published in 1877). Ancient society. Cleveland, OH: The World Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murdock, G. P. (1949). Social structure. New York: MacMillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, C. T. (2010). Cultural traditions and the evolutionary advantages of non-innovation. In M. O’Brien & S. Shennan (Eds.), Innovation in cultural systems: Contributions from evolutionary anthropology (pp. 161–174). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, C. T., & Steadman, L. (1997). Human kinship as a descendant leaving strategy: A solution to an evolutionary puzzle. Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems, 20(1), 39–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rattray, R. S. (1929). Ashanti law and constitution. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rivers, W. H. R. (1998, first published in 1917). Kinship and social organization. London: Rutledge/Thoemmes Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salter, F. (2002). Risky transactions: Trust, kinship, and ethnicity. New York: Berghahn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Santos Granero, F. (1991). The power of love: The moral use of knowledge amongst the Amuesha of Central Peru (London school of economics monographs on social anthropology, Vol. 62). London: The Athlone Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schapera, A. (1956). Government and politics in tribal societies. London: Watts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, C., & Rosenbaum, T. (1983). Allometric influences on primate mothers and infants. In L. Rosenbaum & H. Moltz (Eds.), Symbiosis in parent-offspring relationships. New York: Plenium.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steadman, L. B., & Palmer, C. T. (1994). Visiting dead ancestors: Shamans as interpreters of religious traditions. Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science, 29(2), 173–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steadman, L., & Palmer, C. T. (1995). Religion as an identifiable traditional behavior subject to natural selection. Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems, 18(2), 149–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steadman, L., Palmer, C. T., & Tilley, C. F. (1996). The universality of ancestor worship. Ethnology, 35(1), 63–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suelzer, A. (1964). The pentateuch. New York: Herder and Herder.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sumner, W. (1907). Folkways: A study of the sociological importance of usages: Manners, customs, mores and morals. Boston, MA: Genn and Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun Chief. (1942). The autobiography of a Hopi Indian. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trivers, R. L. (1974). Parent-offspring conflict. American Zoologist, 14, 249–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, V. (1979). Divination as a phase in a social process. In W. Lessa & E. Vogt (Eds.), Reader in comparative religion: An anthropological perspective (4th ed., pp. 373–376). New York: Harper Collins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler, E. (1960, first published in 1881). Anthropology. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Baal, J. (1981). Man’s quest for partnership. Assen, The Netherlands: Van Gorcium.

    Google Scholar 

  • van den Berghe, P. (1979). Human family systems: An evolutionary view. New York: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • van den Berghe, P., & Barash, D. (1977). Inclusive fitness and human family structure. American Anthropologist, 79, 809–823.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Voland, E., & Voland, R. (1995). Parent-offspring conflict, the extended phenotype and the evolution of conscience. Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems, 18, 387–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • West, S. A., Mouden, C., & Gardner, A. (2011). Sixteen common misconceptions about the evolution of cooperation in humans. Evolution and Human Behavior, 32, 231–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • West-Eberhard, M. J. (1975). The evolution of social behavior by kin selection. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 50(1), 1–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westermarck, E. (1912). The origin and development of the moral ideas (Vol. 1). London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wines, E. (1853). Commentaries on the laws of the ancient Hebrews. New York: Putnam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, R. (1994). The moral animal. New York: Vintage Books.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kathryn Coe .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Coe, K., Palmer, C.T. (2013). Cross-Cultural Variation in Altruism: Traditional Parental Manipulation and Ancestor-Descendant Conflict. In: Vakoch, D. (eds) Altruism in Cross-Cultural Perspective. International and Cultural Psychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6952-0_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics