Abstract
Computer-aided design helps to enhance product development process in an indeed remarkable way, especially as it can also be combined with computer-aided engineering and manufacturing resources. However, due to its initial applications in the automotive and aeronautic industries, the geometries typically attainable with these CAD resources can be described as soft and simple, as such simplicity is very well suited for production.
When designing novel biodevices adapted to biological systems or trying to mimic the complex characteristics of organs and biostructures, for promoting more adequate interactions, CAD resources are sometimes limited, as features, such as porosity, roughness and surface–volume ratio, among others, cannot be easily controlled with conventional design operations.
Fractal geometries, usually defined recursively or based on random processes, are more adequate for modelling and mimicking the complexity of biosystems and are starting to be used in biodevice design, as recent advances on manufacturing technology and also on materials science allow their automated production.
In this chapter, we focus on some relevant fractal models for better controlling the aforementioned features and describe an adequate design procedure for using such geometries in CAD resources. Some case studies linked to prostheses design and tissue engineering are also included, as an introduction to more complex devices included in forthcoming chapters about additive manufacturing technologies and micro-fabrication.
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Notes
- 1.
On fractals with demonstrations.
- 2.
2 For using some Matlab (The Mathworks Inc.) programmes for constructing fractal surfaces and fractal spheres, please have a look at the Annexes of the handbook.
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Some Interesting Related Websites
http://www.fractal-bio.com. Accessed Mar 2013
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Fractal.html. Accessed Mar 2013
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/FractalDimension.html. Accessed Mar 2013
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/HausdorffDimension.html. Accessed Mar 2013
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/fractals. Accessed Mar 2013
On Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries:
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/EuclideanGeometry.html. Accessed Mar 2013
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Non-EuclideanGeometry.html. Accessed Mar 2013
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Lantada, A.D., Gil, J.C. (2013). Fractal Geometry for Biomimetic Design of Biodevices. In: Lantada, A. (eds) Handbook on Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technologies for Biomedical Devices. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6789-2_6
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