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Handbook of Adolescent Health Psychology pp 581–595Cite as

HIV Among Adolescents in the United States in the Twenty-First Century: Learning to Manage a Chronic Illness

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Abstract

In the twenty-first century HIV treatment with antiretroviral (ART) medication is the key to prevention and longevity for infected adolescents. HIV is no longer a death sentence and a newly infected adolescent can expect to live well into their 50s. Maintaining an undetectable viral load significantly reduces the likelihood of sexual transmission of the virus. However, there are major barriers to attaining this goal, for example, nonadherence to medication regimens due to stigma which inhibits disclosure and social support, depression which inhibits motivation and effort, and harsh or punitive religious beliefs which impair self-care. For some medications may no longer be effective. Health disparities in death rates from HIV-related causes exist with young African-American men who have sex with men disproportionately affected. Behavioral approaches to living well with HIV are effective and needed. Palliative care remains a concern for those who have not benefited from recent advances.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Center for Translational Science, Children’s National Medical Center, Children’s Research Institute, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20010-2970, USA

    Maureen E. Lyon Ph.D., A.B.P.P.

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  1. Maureen E. Lyon Ph.D., A.B.P.P.
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Correspondence to Maureen E. Lyon Ph.D., A.B.P.P. .

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  1. , Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, MS 0296, Reno, 89557-0062, New York, USA

    William T. O'Donohue

  2. , Department of Psychology, MS 0296, University of Nevada, Reno, North Virginia Street, Reno, 89557, Nevada, USA

    Lorraine T. Benuto

  3. , Integration Services, Aurora Mental Health Center, 11059 East Bethany Drive, Suite 105, Aurora, 80014, Colorado, USA

    Lauren Woodward Tolle

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Lyon, M.E. (2013). HIV Among Adolescents in the United States in the Twenty-First Century: Learning to Manage a Chronic Illness. In: O'Donohue, W., Benuto, L., Woodward Tolle, L. (eds) Handbook of Adolescent Health Psychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6633-8_37

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