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Middle Ear Hearing Devices

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The Middle Ear

Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR))

Abstract

Several decades ago the field of ophthalmology began to provide patients with options other than eyeglasses. Now the treatment of hearing loss is beginning to enter such an era, as novel and differentiated middle ear hearing devices (MEHDs) start to become available. The key distinguishing feature of MEHDs is that their output transducers are designed for mechanical vibrational output rather than acoustic output, which gives them the potential to achieve wider bandwidths than conventional acoustic hearing aids. The principles underlying various MEHD output-transducer designs are discussed in terms of how many points of connection are required to structures outside of the device and how those points are linked, such that each design falls into one of the following categories: (1) zero-connection-point (ZCP) transducers, (2) one-connection-point (OCP) transducers, (3) two-mechanically linked-connection-point (TMLCP) transducers, and (4) two-mechanically unlinked-connection-point (TMUCP) transducers. MEHDs are further classified as totally implantable (TI) types, partially implantable (PI) types, and nonimplantable (NI) systems that contact the eardrum. MEHD designs typically leave the ear canal open or widely vented, yet are still capable of delivering amplification at low frequencies—unlike open-canal acoustic hearing aids. They have also been shown to be preferred over acoustic hearing aids in some cases, as measured using self-reporting questionnaire-type evaluations and functional-gain measures. Over the coming decades, hearing scientists, otologists, engineers, and audiologists will continue to work together to change the standard of hearing health care by offering new and varied treatment options, such as MEHDs, to those with hearing impairment.

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Acknowledgments

The author thanks Kevin N. O’Connor for generating figures, providing significant editorial assistance, and providing general help in putting this book chapter together. The author also thanks Geoffrey R. Ball, Suzanne Carr Levy, Rodney Perkins, Jason Shelton, and Richard L. Goode for critical comments and suggestions on draft versions of this chapter. This work was supported by grants R01 DC 005960 and R448499 from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) of the National Institutes of Health.

Disclosure Dr Puria declares that he has a financial interest in the EarLens Corporation which is in the process of developing the CHD discussed in this chapter.

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  1. Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

    Sunil Puria

  2. EarLens Corporation, 200 Chesapeake Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA

    Sunil Puria

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  1. Sunil Puria
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Correspondence to Sunil Puria .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, USA

    Sunil Puria

  2. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA

    Richard R. Fay

  3. Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA

    Arthur N. Popper

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Puria, S. (2013). Middle Ear Hearing Devices. In: Puria, S., Fay, R., Popper, A. (eds) The Middle Ear. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6591-1_10

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