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Autophagy and Cancer pp 127–143Cite as

Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes in Autophagy

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Part of the book series: Current Cancer Research ((CUCR,volume 8))

Abstract

The autophagy pathway has a clear, dual role in cancer development: autophagy inhibition increases tumor initiation, but for established tumors, autophagy inhibitors can potently suppress tumor progression. Given the role of autophagy in tumor initiation, it is perhaps not surprising that many oncogenes that are commonly found mutated in human cancer negatively regulate this process. Conversely a major tumor suppressor pathway, the p53/ARF axis, positively regulates autophagy. Notably, the majority of human tumors contain activated oncogenes that are predicted to lead to hyper-activation the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Additionally, most tumors contain inactivating mutations in the p53/ARF pathway. Therefore, it is reasonable to predict that cancer cells have an impaired ability to undergo autophagy, but at the same time a hyper-reliance on this pathway to promote survival during metabolic and hypoxic stress. As such, the autophagy pathway is likely to be an Achilles heel for cancer. Exploiting this weakness will be an important future goal for cancer researchers.

Gregor M. Balaburski and Anna Budina have equal contribution to this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Gregor M. Balaburski, Anna Budina & Maureen E. Murphy

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  1. Gregor M. Balaburski
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  2. Anna Budina
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  3. Maureen E. Murphy
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Correspondence to Maureen E. Murphy .

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  1. Penn State College of Medicine, Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, 500 University Drive, Hershey, 17033, Pennsylvania, USA

    Hong-Gang Wang

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Balaburski, G.M., Budina, A., Murphy, M.E. (2013). Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes in Autophagy. In: Wang, HG. (eds) Autophagy and Cancer. Current Cancer Research, vol 8. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6561-4_7

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