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Differentiating Chromosome Fragmentation and Premature Chromosome Condensation

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Human Interphase Chromosomes

Abstract

The chromosome has long been viewed as a structure that ensures faithful segregation of the genetic materials to daughter cells. However, it is now apparent that the chromosome plays a central role in defining the genetic network through the genome context. One often-confused phenomenon bridging studies of interphase chromatin and mitotic chromosomes is chromosome pulverization, which has been inappropriately linked to premature chromosome condensation (PCC) and more recently confused with chromosome fragmentation (C-Frag), a major form of mitotic cell death. Recently there has been increased interest in genome alteration-mediated somatic cell evolution and its clinical implications, although a number of publications have continued to confuse these terminologies/concepts.

To alleviate confusion in this field we review both C-Frag and PCC. Discussion of C-Frag includes its morphological and mechanistic characterization, its relationship to genomic instability, and its utility. Discussion of PCC pertains to its mechanisms, definition, historical perspectives, and its application in basic research and clinical settings. C-Frag and PCC are then directly compared and contrasted to fully differentiate these two phenomena. Chromosome pulverization, chromosome shattering, and mitotic catastrophe are compared in relationship to both C-Frag and PCC. To avoid future confusion we suggest avoidance of the ambiguous term chromosome pulverization in favor of the more specific term C-Frag or PCC. Finally, future implications and perspectives of both C-Frag and PCC are discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA

    Joshua B. Stevens & Henry H. Q. Heng

  2. Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA

    Henry H. Q. Heng

  3. Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA

    Henry H. Q. Heng

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  1. Joshua B. Stevens
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  2. Henry H. Q. Heng
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Correspondence to Henry H. Q. Heng .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Mental Health Research Center, Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 2 Zagorodnoe, Moscow, 119152, Russia

    Yuri B. Yurov

  2. Institute of Pediatry & Children Surgery, Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of, Ministry of Health, str. 2 Taldomskaya, Moscow, 127417, Russia

    Svetlana G. Vorsanova

  3. Mental Health Research Center, Laboratory of Molecular Brain Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, sh. 2 Zagorodnoe, Moscow, 119152, Russia

    Ivan Y. Iourov

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Stevens, J.B., Heng, H.H.Q. (2013). Differentiating Chromosome Fragmentation and Premature Chromosome Condensation. In: Yurov, Y., Vorsanova, S., Iourov, I. (eds) Human Interphase Chromosomes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6558-4_5

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