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Design of the Total Artificial Heart

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Design of Artificial Human Joints & Organs

Abstract

An artificial heart is a mechanical device that is implanted into the body to replace the biological heart. The term “artificial heart” has often inaccurately been used to describe ventricular assist devices (VADs), which are pumps that assist the heart but do not replace it. To refresh the reader’s memory, a clean view of the normal heart is shown in Fig. 16.1.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomedical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

    Subrata Pal

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  1. Subrata Pal
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Problems

Problems

  1. 1.

    Describe the human heart as four-chamber pump; find the volume of each chamber and flow rate showing the valves; also, indicate its destination. Label the name of the chamber and the valves. Figure 16.6 gives an indication of the percent flow of each organ. If the total blood in an adult human body is on the order of 5.5 l, find the quantity in circulation in each organ.

    Fig. 16.6
    figure 00166

    Percentage of blood flow carried by different organs

    Full size image
  2. 2.

    Briefly describe the workings of the AbioCor Total Artificial Valve. What is its current status? A line sketch of the system is shown in Fig. 16.7.

    Fig. 16.7
    figure 00167

    A schema of the layout of artificial heart (Abicor)

    Full size image
  3. 3.

    French professor and leading heart transplant specialist Alain F. Carpentier announced that a fully implantable artificial heart will be ready for clinical trial by 2011, and for alternative transplant in 2013. Find the current status of his project as you study this.

  4. 4.

    Discuss the Indian initiative in the design and fabrication of the total artificial heart at IIT-Kharagpur. What is the specialty of such a device?

  5. 5.

    A left ventricular assist device (LVAD) that pumps blood from the left ventricle to the aorta was developed. VADs need to be clearly distinguished from artificial hearts, which are designed to completely take over cardiac function and usually require the removal of the patient's heart.

VADs are designed to assist either the right (RVAD) or left (LVAD) ventricle, or both at once (BiVAD). Which of these types is used depends primarily on the underlying heart disease and the pulmonary arterial resistance that determines the load on the right ventricle. Figure 16.6 shows a schematic view. Try to explain how it works.

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Pal, S. (2014). Design of the Total Artificial Heart. In: Design of Artificial Human Joints & Organs. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6255-2_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6255-2_16

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-6254-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-6255-2

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

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