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Physics of Collisionless Shocks pp 149–220Cite as

Quasi-perpendicular Supercritical Shocks

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Part of the book series: ISSI Scientific Report Series ((ISSI,volume 12))

Abstract

Quasi-perpendicular shocks are the first and important family of collisionless magnetised shocks which reflect particles back upstream in order to satisfy the shock conditions. Discussion of the particle dynamics gives clear definition for distinguishing them from quasi-parallel shocks by defining a shock normal angle with respect to the upstream magnetic field. They exist for shock normal angles <45∘. Reflected particles at quasi-perpendicular shocks cannot escape far upstream along the magnetic field. They form a foot in front of the shock ramp. We discuss the reflecting shock potential and the explicit shock structure. Most theoretical insight is provided by numerical simulations which confirm reflection, foot formation and reformation of the shock. The latter being caused by steeping of the foot disturbance until the foot itself becomes the shock transition, reflecting particles upstream. Reformation modulates the shock temporarily but on the long terms guarantees its stationarity. Ion and electron dynamics are explicitly discussed in view of the various instabilities involved as well as particle acceleration and shock heating. Finally, a sketchy model of a typical quasi-perpendicular shock transition is provided.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK

    Prof. Dr. André Balogh

  2. International Space Science Institute ISSI, Bern, Switzerland

    Prof. Dr. André Balogh & Prof. Dr. Rudolf A. Treumann

  3. Department of Geophysicsand Environmental Sciences, Munich University, Munich, Germany

    Prof. Dr. Rudolf A. Treumann

  4. Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA

    Prof. Dr. Rudolf A. Treumann

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  2. Prof. Dr. Rudolf A. Treumann
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Balogh, A., Treumann, R.A. (2013). Quasi-perpendicular Supercritical Shocks. In: Physics of Collisionless Shocks. ISSI Scientific Report Series, vol 12. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6099-2_5

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