Abstract
This chapter begins by defining negative and positive peace (Galtung, J. (1964). An editorial. Journal of Peace Research, 1, 1–4, Galtung, J. (1969). Violence, peace, and peace research. Journal of Peace Research, 6, 167–191). It then examines the components of a culture of peace (United Nations (1999, October 6). Resolutions adopted by the General Assembly: Declaration on a culture of peace. Fifty-third session (agenda item 31): A/RES/53/243. Retrieved on 9 March 2012, from http://cpnn-world.org/resA-53-243A.html). Next, it defines reconciliation, including passive and active coexistence (Galtung, J. (2001). After violence, reconstruction, reconciliation, and resolution: Coping with visible and invisible effects of war and violence. In M. Abu-Nimer (Ed.), Reconciliation, justice and coexistence: Theory & practice (pp. 3–23). Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.), and reviews truth commissions and human rights trials in Latin America (Sikkink, K., & Walling, C. B. (2007). The impact of human rights trials in Latin America. Journal of Peace Research, 44, 427–445). The second half of the chapter presents the results of our study with 713 Latin American participants. We found several significant gender differences in the definitions of peace and reconciliation. Recommendations for future studies are discussed.
Keywords
- Latin American Country
- Significant Gender Difference
- Restorative Justice
- Truth Commission
- Peace Negotiation
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Peace is not merely the absence of war but the presence of justice, of law, of order – in short, of government – Albert Einstein
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Assefa, H. (2001). Coexistence and reconciliation in the northern region of Ghana. In M. Abu-Nimer (Ed.), Reconciliation, justice and coexistence: Theory & practice (pp. 165–186). Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
BBC News: Middle East. (2011). Egypt-Israel ‘cold peace’ suffers a further chill. Retrieved March 7, 2012, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14603812
Bloomfield, D. (2003). Reconciliation: An introduction. In D. Bloomfield, T. Barnes, & L. Huyse (Eds.), Reconciliation after violent conflict: A handbook (pp. 10–18). Stockholm: International IDEA.
Bloomfield, D. (2006). On good terms: Clarifying reconciliation (Berghof report, Vol. 14). Berlin: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management.
Crocker, C. A. (2011). Thoughts on the conflict management field after 30 years. International Negotiation, 16, 1–10.
DeSouza, E. R., & Stevens, M. J. (2009). Peru. In K. Malley-Morrison (Ed.), State violence and the right to peace: An international survey of views of ordinary people (Africa and Central and South America, Vol. 3, pp. 201–225). Westport, CT: Praeger Security International.
DeSouza, E., Stevens, M., Clinton, A., Marcucci, L., Mellish, M., Torres, J. L., Barahona, R., Carillo, E., Angelino, R., Desouza, L., & McCarthy, S. (2012). Definitions of war, torture, and terrorism in Latin America. In K. Malley-Morrison (Ed.), International handbook on war, torture, and terrorism. New York, NY: Springer.
Domit, M. (2010). In a first, Brazil elects a woman as president. The New York Times: Americas. Retrieved March 25, 2012, from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/01/world/americas/01brazil.html
Galtung, J. (1964). An editorial. Journal of Peace Research, 1, 1–4.
Galtung, J. (1969). Violence, peace, and peace research. Journal of Peace Research, 6, 167–191.
Galtung, J. (2001). After violence, reconstruction, reconciliation, and resolution: Coping with visible and invisible effects of war and violence. In M. Abu-Nimer (Ed.), Reconciliation, justice and coexistence: Theory & practice (pp. 3–23). Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Howard, D., Hume, M., & Oslender, U. (2007). Violence, fear, and development in Latin America: A critical overview. Development in Practice, 17, 713–724.
International Crisis Group. (2006). India, Pakistan and Kashmir: Stabilising a cold peace. Asia Briefing No. 5. Retrieved March 7, 2012, from http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/44c783194.html
Maccoby, E. E. (1990). Gender and relationships: A developmental account. The American Psychologist, 45, 513–520.
Sikkink, K., & Walling, C. B. (2007). The impact of human rights trials in Latin America. Journal of Peace Research, 44, 427–445.
Skelton, A., & Frank, C. (2004). How does restorative justice address human rights and due process issues? In H. Zehr & B. Toews (Eds.), Critical issues in restorative justice (pp. 203–213). Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.
Truth and reconciliation Commission of South Africa. (1998). Report. Vol. 5. Capetown: CTP Ltd.
United Nations. (1999). Resolutions adopted by the General Assembly: Declaration on a culture of peace. Fifty-third session (agenda item 31): A/RES/53/243. Retrieved March 9, 2012, from http://cpnn-world.org/resA-53-243A.html
van der Borgh, C. (2001). Political violence, intrastate conflict and peace processes in Latin America. European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 70, 115–127.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
DeSouza, E. et al. (2013). Definitions of Peace and Reconciliation in Latin America. In: Malley-Morrison, K., Mercurio, A., Twose, G. (eds) International Handbook of Peace and Reconciliation. Peace Psychology Book Series, vol 7. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5933-0_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5933-0_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-5932-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-5933-0
eBook Packages: Behavioral ScienceBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)