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Role of MicroRNAs in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Postinfarction Remodeling

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Cardiac Remodeling

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease ((ABHD,volume 5))

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Abstract

A family of small noncoding RNAs, termed microRNAs (miRNAs), plays critical roles in multiple physiological and pathological processes by ­negatively modulating gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial infarction, which are among the major causes of heart failure, have been found to be accompanied by dysregulated expression of miRNAs, suggesting that miRNA-mediated gene regulation is involved in cardiovascular ­pathogenesis. Loss- and gain-of-function studies by genetic or pharmacological manipulation of individual miRNAs further reveal that these small RNAs play critical regulatory roles in hypertrophy and postinfarction remodeling. Numerous miRNAs are cardiac protective, while some others are apparently detrimental during cardiac remodeling. Intriguingly, the functional consequences of some miRNAs in the heart appear to be cell type specific. Although the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of most miRNAs still remain elusive, their key regulatory roles in cardiac pathogenesis make them promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we summarize the recent progress made in understanding the function and mechanisms of individual miRNAs in cardiac hypertrophy and postinfarction remodeling. The biological and clinical implications of miRNAs in the cardiovascular system are also discussed.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Ms. Xuefei Wang for careful reading of this manuscript. Work in Dr. Wang’s laboratory was supported by the March of Dimes Foundation and the National Institutes of Health. D. Z. Wang is an Established Investigator of the American Heart Association.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Jian Ding & Da-Zhi Wang Ph.D.

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  1. Jian Ding
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  2. Da-Zhi Wang Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Da-Zhi Wang Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Walter MacKenzie Health Sciences Centre, Division of Cardiology, University of Alberta, 8440-112 Street, Edmonton, T6G 2B7, Alberta, Canada

    Bodh I. Jugdutt

  2. St. Boniface General Hospital Research C, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Tache Avenue 351, Winnipeg, R2H 2A6, Manitoba, Canada

    Naranjan S. Dhalla

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Ding, J., Wang, DZ. (2013). Role of MicroRNAs in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Postinfarction Remodeling. In: Jugdutt, B., Dhalla, N. (eds) Cardiac Remodeling. Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease, vol 5. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5930-9_17

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