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Fundamentals

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Heat and Mass Transfer in Particulate Suspensions

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Abstract

The constituents of a flowing heterogeneous mixture, such as a particulate suspension, exchange linear and angular momentum, oftentimes exchange mass, and also exchange energy. The processes of momentum, energy, and mass interactions are always related to multiphase engineering systems. For example, in a direct contact heat exchanger, where colder drops are sprayed in the midst of vapor to be condensed, the drops absorb enthalpy from the vapor, and thus, their temperature increases. Because of the direct contact between the cooler drops and the vapor, some of the mass of the vapor condenses on the surface of the drops, thus, increasing the average size of the drops. And, as a result of the hydrodynamic interaction between the vapor and the drops, or between multiple drops, larger drops may break up in two or more smaller ones. This chapter examines the fundamentals of the energy, mass, and momentum interactions between particles—this term encompasses both liquid drops and solid particles—and carrier fluids. Experimental, numerical, and analytical data are presented for the heat, mass, and momentum transfer between the two phases. At first, the pertinent timescales are dimensionless numbers are presented. Second, some interesting relationships on the thermodynamic equilibrium of spherical interfaces in carrier mixtures are derived. Third, the equations of motion and heat/mass transfer are presented for single particles, with emphasis on the closure equations for the drag coefficients and the convective heat/mass transfer coefficients. This part includes several diverse effects due to low or high Reynolds numbers; evaporation (blowing); particle shapes; radiation; rarefaction, including nanoscale particles; and transient conditions. A short section on practical temperature measurements and corrections that must be used with beaded thermocouples concludes the chapter.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The use of the ideal gas equation is convenient but not critical in this derivation. Other equations of state or tubular data may be used instead. In the latter case, the final result may only be obtained by numerical integration.

  2. 2.

    It must be noted that all the values of Re s at the transition points of all the flow regimes are approximate. The values and ranges quoted are for a smooth sphere. The roughness of the surface of the sphere plays an important role in the actual transitions.

  3. 3.

    For incompressible substances such as solids and liquids, the specific heats at constant pressure and constant volume are equal and denoted simply by the symbol c, c p = c v = c.

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  1. Department of Engineering, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA

    Efstathios E. Stathis Michaelides

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Michaelides, E.E.S. (2013). Fundamentals. In: Heat and Mass Transfer in Particulate Suspensions. SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology(). Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5854-8_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5854-8_1

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