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Nickel-Based Battery Systems

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Batteries for Sustainability

Abstract

Nickel batteries are rechargeable batteries that are used in a variety of applications including portable electronic devices, electric and hybrid vehicles, aeronautics and aerospace and stationary energy storage among others. They operate over a wide temperature range, have a flat discharge curve and are available in sizes ranging from small coin cells to motive power batteries. Nickel batteries are physically and electrically rugged and abuse tolerant including over charge and overdischarge.

This chapter was originally published as part of the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology edited by Robert A. Meyers. DOI:10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3

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Abbreviations

β-β Transformation:

The reaction of β-Ni(OH)2 on charge to form β-NiOOH.

α-γ Transformation:

The reaction of α-Ni(OH)2 on charge to form γ-NiOOH.

Ah Ampere hour:

3,600 coulombs, the quantity of current flow in 1 ampere in 1 h.

Charge reserve:

Additional capacity of the negative or positive electrode to prevent gas evolution when the cell is overcharged or overdischarged.

Electrolyte:

Electrical conducting liquid flow where charge is carried by positive and negative ions.

Flame-arresting vent:

A cell vent designed to stop burning discharge from a vent.

Ni-MH:

Nickel metal hydride cell containing a nickel hydroxide positive and a hydrogen-absorbing metal alloy negative electrode.

Plate:

Electrode construction containing the active material and a current collector.

Pocket plate electrodes:

Perforated nickel-plated steel pockets that contain the active materials in a cell with free access of electrolyte.

Self-discharge:

Loss of capacity due to the chemical instability or a reaction of an active material in an electrode with the electrolyte.

Tubular plate electrodes:

Perforated nickel-plated steel tubes used to contain the active material in a cell.

Misch metal:

Containing a mixture of hydrogen-absorbing transition metals, Mm.

Nickel cadmium fiber plate:

Batteries construction of the positive nickel battery plate that contains nickel metal fibers throughout the plate for more efficient current collection.

Sinter plate cells:

Sealed battery cells using a nickel current collector structure usually produced by heating to a temperature where powdered nickel metal particles bond together to form a porous structure sinter current collector.

Trickle charging:

The low-level current flow to maintain full charge in a battery.

Terminal:

The external connection to the positive and negative electrodes containing the active material inside the battery case.

WH:

Watt hour, energy content of a battery expressed as the product of ampere-hours times cell voltage.

Zircar:

Trademark of nonwoven ceramic separator used in some Ni-MH cells.

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  1. Broddarp of Nevada, 2161 Fountain Springs Drive, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA

    Ralph J. Brodd

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    Ralph J. Brodd

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Brodd, R.J. (2013). Nickel-Based Battery Systems. In: Brodd, R. (eds) Batteries for Sustainability. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5791-6_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5791-6_13

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