Abstract
In the developmental period identified as late childhood or preadolescence, children from the ages of 9 through 12 begin to establish an identity as autonomous social beings outside the family (Grotevant & Cooper, 1998). Spending up to 8 h a day away from direct parental supervision, they begin to explore their place in the world of school, peers, and adult interactions beyond the family with increasing powers of observation and independent action (Larson & Richards, 1991).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abramson, D., & Garfield, R. (2006, October 25). On the edge: Children and families displaced by hurricanes Katrina and Rita face a looming medical and mental health crisis. New York: Columbia University. Retrieved October 21, 2007 from http://www.ncdp.mailman.columbia.edu/files/On%20the%20Edge%20L-CAFH%20Final%20Report_Columbia%20University.pdf
Benson, P. L., & Scales, P. C. (2004). Developmental assets. In C. B. Fisher & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Encyclopedia of applied developmental science (Vol. 1, pp. 340–342). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Benson, P. L., Scales, P. C., Leffert, N., & Roehlkepartain, E. C. (1999). A fragile foundation: The state of developmental assets among American youth. Minneapolis, MN: Search Institute.
Botvin, G., & Griffin, K. (2002). Life skills training as a primary prevention approach for adolescent drug abuse and other problem behaviors. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 4(1), 41–47.
Boys Scouts of America. (1982). Cub Scout leader book. Charlotte, NC: Boys Scouts of America.
Campbell, C., & Schwarz, D. F. (1996). Prevalence and impact of exposure to interpersonal violence among suburban and urban middle school students. Pediatrics, 98(3, Pt. 1), 396–402.
Connolly, S. D., Paikoff, R. L., & Buchanan, C. M. (1996). Puberty: The interplay of biological and psychosocial processes in adolescence. In E. Gerald, R. Adams, & E. Raymond Montemayor (Eds.), Psychosocial development during adolescence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. pp. ix, 322.
Dryfoos, J. (1994). Full-service schools: A revolution in health and social services for children, youth and families. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Finkelhor, D., & Dzuiba-Leatherman, J. (1994). Victimization of children. The American Psychologist, 49(3), 173–183.
Girls Scouts of America. (2001). Brownie Girl Scout handbook. New York: Girls Scouts of America.
Goldstein, S., & Brooks, R. B. (2005). Handbook of resilience in children. New York: Springer.
Gonzales, A. (2006, April 20). Transcript of attorney general Alberto R. Gonzales’ address to the employees at the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved October 22, 2007 from http://www.usdoj.gov/ag/speeches/2006/ag_speech_0604202.html.
Grossman, D. C., Neckerman, H. J., Koepsell, T. D., Liu, P. Y., Asher, K. N., Beland, K., et al. (1997). Effectiveness of a violence prevention curriculum among children in elementary school. A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 277(20), 1605–1611.
Grotevant, H. D., & Cooper, C. R. (1998). Individuality and connectedness in adolescent development: Review and prospects for research on identity, relationships, and context. In E. E. A. Skoe & A. L. von der Lippe (Eds.), Personality development in adolescence: A cross national and life span perspective (pp. 3–37). New York: Taylor & Francis/Routledge.
Harris, J. R. (1995). Where is the child’s environment? A group socialization theory of development. Psychological Review, 102(3), 458–489.
Harris, J. R. (1998). The nurture assumption: Why children turn out the way they do. New York: Free Press.
Hoven, C. W., Duarte, C. S., Lucas, C. P., Mandell, D. J., Cohen, M., Rosen, C., et al. (2002). Effects of the World Trade Center attack on NYC public school students—Initial report to the New York City board of education. New York: Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York State Psychiatric Institute, and Applied Research and Consulting. Retrieved October 21, 2007 from http://eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2/content_storage_01/0000000b/80/27/ce/00.pdf.
Hurt, H., Malmud, E., Brodsky, N. L., & Giannetta, J. (2001). Exposure to violence: Psychological and academic correlates in child witnesses. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 155(12), 1351–1356.
Jaycox, L. H., Stein, B. D., Kataoka, S. H., Wong, M., Fink, A., Escudero, P., et al. (2002). Violence exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depressive symptoms among recent immigrant schoolchildren. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(9), 1104–1110.
Larson, R., & Richards, M. (1991). Daily companionship in late childhood and early adolescence: Changing developmental contexts. Child Development, 62, 284–300.
Larzelere, R. E. (1996). A review of the outcomes of parental use of nonabusive or customary physical punishment. Pediatrics, 98(4), 824–828.
Leffert, N., Benson, P. L., Scales, P. C., Sharma, A., Drake, D., & Blyth, D. A. (1998). Developmental assets: Measurement and prediction of risk behaviors among adolescents. Applied Developmental Science, 2(4), 209–230.
McHale, S. M., Crouter, A. C., & Tucker, C. J. (2001). Free-time activities in middle childhood: links with adjustment in early adolescence. Child Development, 72(6), 1764–1778.
Osofsky, J., & Osofsky, H. (2006). In the eye of the storm: Resilience in Katrina’s wake. New Orleans, LA: Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association.
Ramey, S. L. (2002). The science and art of parenting. In J. G. Borkowski, S. L. Ramey, & M. Bristol-Power (Eds.), Parenting and the child’s world: Influences on academic, intellectual, and social-emotional development (pp. 47–71). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Ramey, C. T., & Ramey, S. L. (2004). How children learn and how parents can help. Plain Talk: The Newsletter for the Center for Development and Learning, 9(2), 1–12.
Richters, J. E., & Martinez, P. (1993). The NIMH community violence project: I. Children as victims of and witnesses to violence. Psychiatry: Interpersonal & Biological Processes, 56(1), 7–21.
Singer, D. J., & Singer, J. L. (2001). Handbook of children and media. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Spock, B. (1957). The common sense book of baby and child care. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce.
Steinberg, L. (2001). We know some things: Parent-adolescent relationships in retrospect and prospect. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11(1), 1–19.
Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2000). Adolescent development. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 83–110.
Taylor, L., Zuckerman, B., Harik, V., & Groves, B. M. (1994). Witnessing violence by young children and their mothers. Journal of Development and Behavioral Pediatrics, 15(2), 120–123.
Thornberry, T. P., & Krohn, M. D. (1997). Peers, drug use, and delinquency. In D. M. Stoff, J. Breiling, & J. D. Maser (Eds.), Handbook of antisocial behavior (pp. 218–233). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2003). Poverty in the United States: 2002. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2006). Adventures in parenting: How responding, preventing, monitoring, mentoring, and modeling can help you be a successful parent. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Child and Human Development, National Institutes of Health.
U.S. Public Health Service Office of the Surgeon General, National Institute of Mental Health. (1999). Mental health: A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Public Health Service.
Weisler, R. H., Barbee, J. G. T., & Townsend, M. H. (2006). Mental health and recovery in the Gulf Coast after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Journal of the American Medical Association, 296(5), 585–588.
Weist, M. D. (1997). Expanded school mental health services: A national movement in progress. Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, 19, 319–352.
Weist, M. D., Evans, S. W., & Lever, N. A. (2003). Handbook of school mental health: Advancing practice and research: Issues in clinical child psychology. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
Wentzel, K. R., & Juvonen, J. (1996). Social motivation: Understanding children’s school adjustment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wong, M., Rosemond, M., Stein, B. D., Langley, A. K., Kataoka, S., & Nadeem, E. (2007). School-based intervention for adolescents exposed to violence. Prevention Researcher, 14(1), 17–20.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wong, M., Nadeem, E. (2013). Responding to the Challenges of Preadolescence: Roles for Caregivers. In: Talley, R., Montgomery, R. (eds) Caregiving Across the Lifespan. Caregiving: Research • Practice • Policy. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5553-0_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5553-0_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-5552-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-5553-0
eBook Packages: Behavioral ScienceBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)