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Plasticity in the Motor Network Following Primary Motor Cortex Lesion

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Progress in Motor Control

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((volume 782))

Abstract

The behavioral deficits following stroke are particularly evident in the fine control of force, movement, and posture of the arm and hand. However, functional recovery continues in the weeks and months after the initial lesion. Various animal models of stroke have been used to investigate the mechanisms involved with this recovery. These studies have revealed a dramatic physiological and structural reorganization not only within the tissue surrounding the lesion but also in other distant areas of the brain in both the contralesional and ipsilesional hemispheres. These latter changes suggest that functional recovery could be dependent upon the adaptive plasticity of intact, remaining brain structures, a phenomenon often referred to as “vicariation of function”. In the case of a lesion in the primary motor cortex (M1), the premotor areas are particularly well positioned to substitute for the lost M1 function because of their extensive interconnections with other motor areas, their corticospinal outputs, and the movement-related activity they carry prior to the lesion. In the present chapter, the basic principles of organization of the primary motor and premotor cortex are reviewed with the addition of a few key studies carried out in monkeys that have contributed to our understandings of adaptive plasticity in the ipsilesional hemisphere after stroke.

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Acknowledgments

The author wishes to extend grateful thanks to Dr. Kelsey D. Dancause for grammar and insightful editing and Dr. Allan Smith for suggestions on scientific content. Numa Dancause is currently holding a Chercheur Boursier Junior 1 salary award from the Fonds de la Recherche en Santé du Québec (FRSQ) and a New Investigator salary award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR).

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  1. Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central (GRSNC), Département de Physiologie, Pavillon Paul-G-Desmarais, Université de Montréal, 2960, Chemin de la Tour, bureau 4138, H3T 1J4, Montréal, Québec, Canada

    Numa Dancause P.T., Ph.D.

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  1. Numa Dancause P.T., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Numa Dancause P.T., Ph.D. .

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  1. University of Cincinnati, N/A, Cincinnati, 45208, Ohio, USA

    Michael J. Richardson

  2. University of Cincinnati, N/A, Cincinnati, 45208, Ohio, USA

    Michael A. Riley

  3. University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, 45208, Ohio, USA

    Kevin Shockley

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Dancause, N. (2013). Plasticity in the Motor Network Following Primary Motor Cortex Lesion. In: Richardson, M., Riley, M., Shockley, K. (eds) Progress in Motor Control. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 782. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5465-6_4

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