Skip to main content

Transgenic Mouse Models in Prion Transmission Studies

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Prions and Diseases
  • 1459 Accesses

Abstract

Prion diseases are a unique group of mostly transmissible ­neurodegenerative diseases where the ubiquitous cellular prion protein (PrPC) plays a central role. Numerous transgenic mouse models have been instrumental in dissecting the roles of PrPC and other factors in the replication, pathogenesis, and transmission of the prion agents. This chapter summarizes the seminal roles of transgenic mouse models in prion transmission studies with an emphasis on the contributions of PrP primary sequence and prion strains to prion transmission barriers and non-PrP factors in prion pathogenesis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Asante EA, Linehan JM, Desbruslais M, Joiner S, Gowland I, Wood AL, Welch J, Hill AF, Lloyd SE, Wadsworth JD, Collinge J (2002) BSE prions propagate as either variant CJD-like or sporadic CJD-like prion strains in transgenic mice expressing human prion protein. EMBO J 21(23):6358–6366

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asante EA, Linehan JM, Gowland I, Joiner S, Fox K, Cooper S, Osiguwa O, Gorry M, Welch J, Houghton R, Desbruslais M, Brandner S, Wadsworth JD, Collinge J (2006) Dissociation of pathological and molecular phenotype of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in transgenic human prion protein 129 heterozygous mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103(28):10759–10764

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baron T (2002) Mouse models of prion disease transmission. Trends Mol Med 8(10):495–500, Review

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biasini E, Turnbaugh JA, Unterberger U, Harris DA (2012) Prion protein at the crossroads of physiology and disease. Trends Neurosci 35(2):92–103

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop MT, Hart P, Aitchison L, Baybutt HN, Plinston C, Thomson V, Tuzi NL, Head MW, Ironside JW, Will RG, Manson JC (2006) Predicting susceptibility and incubation time of human-to-human transmission of vCJD. Lancet Neurol 5(5):393–398

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop MT, Will RG, Manson JC (2010) Defining sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease strains and their transmission properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(26):12005–12010

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brandner S, Raeber A, Sailer A, Blättler T, Fischer M, Weissmann C, Aguzzi A (1996) Normal host prion protein (PrPC) is required for scrapie spread within the central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93(23):13148–13151

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Browning SR, Mason GL, Seward T, Green M, Eliason GA, Mathiason C et al (2004) Transmission of prions from mule deer and elk with chronic wasting disease to transgenic mice expressing cervid PrP. J Virol 78:13345–13350

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Büeler H, Fischer M, Lang Y, Bluethmann H, Lipp HP, DeArmond SJ, Prusiner SB, Aguet M, Weissmann C (1992) Normal development and behaviour of mice lacking the neuronal cell-surface PrP protein. Nature 356(6370):577–582

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Büeler H, Aguzzi A, Sailer A, Greiner RA, Autenried P, Aguet M, Weissmann C (1993) Mice devoid of PrP are resistant to scrapie. Cell 73(7):1339–1347

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Büeler H, Raeber A, Sailer A, Fischer M, Aguzzi A, Weissmann C (1994) High prion and PrPSc levels but delayed onset of disease in scrapie-inoculated mice heterozygous for a disrupted PrP gene. Mol Med 1(1):19–30

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buschmann A, Pfaff E, Reifenberg K, Muller HM, Groschup MH (2000) Detection of cattle-derived BSE prions using transgenic mice overexpressing bovine PrP(C). Arch Virol Suppl 16:75–86

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Collinge J, Clarke AR (2007) A general model of prion strains and their pathogenicity. Science 318(5852):930–936, Review

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feil R (2007) Conditional somatic mutagenesis in the mouse using site-specific recombinases. Handb Exp Pharmacol 178:3–28, Review

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer M, Rülicke T, Raeber A, Sailer A, Moser M, Oesch B, Brandner S, Aguzzi A, Weissmann C (1996) Prion protein (PrP) with amino-proximal deletions restoring susceptibility of PrP knockout mice to scrapie. EMBO J 15(6):1255–1264

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gama Sosa MA, De Gasperi R, Elder GA (2010) Animal transgenesis: an overview. Brain Struct Funct 214(2–3):91–109

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gauczynski JM, Peyrin S, Haïk C, Leucht C, Hundt C, Rieger R, Krasemann S, Deslys JP, Dormont D, Lasmézas CI, Weiss S (2001) The 37-kDa/67-kDa laminin receptor acts as the cell-surface receptor for the cellular prion protein S. EMBO J 20:5863–5875

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gauczynski S, Nikles D, El-Gogo S, Papy-Garcia D, Rey C, Alban S et al (2006) The 37-kDa/67-kDa laminin receptor acts as a receptor for infectious prions and is inhibited by polysulfated glycans. J Infect Dis 194:702–709

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Groschup MH, Buschmann A (2008) Rodent models for prion diseases. Vet Res 39(4):32, Review

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hizume M, Kobayashi A, Teruya K, Ohashi H, Ironside JW, Mohri S, Kitamoto T (2009) Human prion protein (PrP) 219K is converted to PrPSc but shows heterozygous inhibition in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease infection. J Biol Chem 284(6):3603–3609

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hundt C, Peyrin JM, Haïk S, Gauczynski S, Leucht C, Rieger R, Riley ML, Deslys JP, Dormont D, Lasmézas CI, Weiss S (2001) Identification of interaction domains of the prion protein with its 37-kDa/67-kDa laminin receptor. EMBO J 20:5876–5886

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson WS, Borkowski AW, Faas H, Steele AD, King OD, Watson N, Jasanoff A, Lindquist S (2009) Spontaneous generation of prion infectivity in fatal familial insomnia knockin mice. Neuron 63(4):438–450

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitamoto T, Mohri S, Ironside JW, Miyoshi I, Tanaka T, Kitamoto N, Itohara S, Kasai N, Katsuki M, Higuchi J, Muramoto T, Shin RW (2002) Follicular dendritic cell of the knock-in mouse provides a new bioassay for human prions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 294(2):280–286

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi A, Hizume M, Teruya K, Mohri S, Kitamoto T (2009) Heterozygous inhibition in prion infection: the stone fence model. Prion 3(1):27–30

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kong Q (2006) RNAi: a novel strategy for the treatment of prion diseases. J Clin Invest 116(12):3101–3103

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kong Q, Surewicz WK, Petersen RB, Zou W, Chen SG, Gambetti P, Parchi P, Capellari S, Goldfarb L, Montagna P, Lugaresi E, Piccardo P, Ghetti B (2004) Inherited prion diseases (Chapter 14). In: Stanley P (ed) Prion biology and diseases (2nd Ed). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, pp 673–776

    Google Scholar 

  • Kong Q, Huang S, Zou W, Vanegas D, Wang M, Wu D, Yuan J, Bai H, Zheng M, Deng H, Chen K, Jenny AL, O’Rourke K, Belay ED, Schonberger LB, Petersen RB, Sy M-S, Chen SG, Gambetti P (2005) Chronic wasting disease of elk: transmissibility to humans examined by transgenic mouse models. J Neurosci 25:7944–7949

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kornblatt JA, Marchal S, Rezaei H, Kornblatt MJ, Balny C, Lange R, Debey MP, Hui Bon Hoa G, Marden MC, Grosclaude J (2003) The fate of the prion protein in the prion/plasminogen complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 305(3):518–522

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kranich J, Krautler NJ, Falsig J, Ballmer B, Li S, Hutter G, Schwarz P, Moos R, Julius C, Miele G, Aguzzi A (2010) Engulfment of cerebral apoptotic bodies controls the course of prion disease in a mouse strain-dependent manner. J Exp Med 207(10):2271–2281

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Legname G, Nguyen HO, Peretz D, Cohen FE, DeArmond SJ, Prusiner SB (2006) Continuum of prion protein structures enciphers a multitude of prion isolate-specified phenotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(50):19105–19110

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leucht C, Simoneau S, Rey C, Vana K, Rieger R, Lasmézas CI, Weiss S (2003) The 37 kDa/67 kDa laminin receptor is required for PrP(Sc) propagation in scrapie-infected neuronal cells. EMBO Rep 4(3):290–295, Erratum in: EMBO Rep. 4(4):439

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Browning S, Mahal SP, Oelschlegel AM, Weissmann C (2010) Darwinian evolution of prions in cell culture. Science 327(5967):869–872

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mallucci GR, Ratté S, Asante EA, Linehan J, Gowland I, Jefferys JG, Collinge J (2002) Post-natal knockout of prion protein alters hippocampal CA1 properties, but does not result in neurodegeneration. EMBO J 21(3):202–210

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mallucci G, Dickinson A, Linehan J, Klohn PC, Brandner S, Collinge J (2003) Depleting neuronal PrP in prion infection prevents disease and reverses spongiosis. Science 302:871–874

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mallucci GR, White MD, Farmer M, Dickinson A, Khatun H, Powell AD, Brandner S, Jefferys JG, Collinge J (2007) Targeting cellular prion protein reverses early cognitive deficits and neurophysiological dysfunction in prion-infected mice. Neuron 53:325–335

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manson JC, Clarke AR, Hooper ML, Aitchison L, McConnell I, Hope J (1994a) 129/Ola mice carrying a null mutation in PrP that abolishes mRNA production are developmentally normal. Mol Neurobiol 8(2–3):121–127

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manson JC, Clarke AR, McBride PA, McConnell I, Hope J (1994b) PrP gene dosage determines the timing but not the final intensity or distribution of lesions in scrapie pathology. Neurodegeneration 3(4):331–340

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manson JC, Jamieson E, Baybutt H, Tuzi NL, Barron R, McConnell I, Somerville R, Ironside J, Will R, Sy MS, Melton DW, Hope J, Bostock C (1999) A single amino acid alteration (101L) introduced into murine PrP dramatically alters incubation time of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. EMBO J 18(23):6855–6864

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore RC, Redhead NJ, Selfridge J, Hope J, Manson JC, Melton DW (1995) Double replacement gene targeting for the production of a series of mouse strains with different prion protein gene alterations. Biotechnology (N Y) 13(9):999–1004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore RC, Redhead NJ, Selfridge J, Hope J, Manson JC, Melton DW (2005) Double replacement gene targeting for the production of a series of mouse strains with different prion protein gene alterations. Biotechnology (N Y) 13(9):999–1004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moreno JA, Radford H, Peretti D, Steinert JR, Verity N, Martin MG, Halliday M, Morgan J, Dinsdale D, Ortori CA, Barrett DA, Tsaytler P, Bertolotti A, Willis AE, Bushell M, Mallucci GR (2012) Sustained translational repression by eIF2α-P mediates prion neurodegeneration. Nature 485(7399):507–511

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nonno R, Di Bari MA, Cardone F, Vaccai G, Fazzi P, Dell’omo G et al (2006) Efficient transmission and characterization of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease strains in bank voles. PLoS Pathog 2:112–120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parchi P, Castellani R, Capellari S, Ghetti B, Young K, Chen SG, Farlow M, Dickson DW, Sima AA, Trojanowski JQ, Petersen RB, Gambetti P (1996) Molecular basis of phenotypic variability in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Ann Neurol 39(6):767–778

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peretz D, Williamson RA, Legname G, Matsunaga Y, Vergara J, Burton DR, DeArmond SJ, Prusiner SB, Scott MR (2002) A change in the conformation of prions accompanies the emergence of a new prion strain. Neuron 34(6):921–932

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeifer A, Eigenbrod S, Al-Khadra S, Hofmann A, Mitteregger G, Moser M, Bertsch U, Kretzschmar H (2006) Lentivector-mediated RNAi efficiently suppresses prion protein and prolongs survival of scrapie-infected mice. J Clin Invest 116(12):3204–3210

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pflanz H, Vana K, Mitteregger G, Renner-Müller I, Pace C, Küchenhoff H, Kretzschmar HA, Wolf E, Weiss S (2009) Scrapie-infected transgenic mice expressing a laminin receptor decoy mutant reveal a prolonged incubation time associated with low levels of PrPres. J Mol Biol 388(4):721–729

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prusiner SB (1982) Novel proteinaceous infectious particles cause scrapie. Science 216:136–144

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prusiner SB (1991) Molecular biology of prion diseases. Science 252:1515–1522

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prusiner SB (1998) Prions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:13363–13383

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prusiner SB, Scott M, Foster D, Pan KM, Groth D, Mirenda C et al (1990) Transgenic studies implicate interactions between homologous PrP isoforms in scrapie prion replication. Cell 63:673–686

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prusiner SB, Groth D, Serban A, Koehler R, Foster D, Torchia M et al (1993) Ablation of the prion protein (PrP) gene in mice prevents scrapie and facilitates production of anti-PrP antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:10608–10612

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi D, Cozzio A, Flechsig E, Klein MA, Rülicke T, Aguzzi A, Weissmann C (2008) Onset of ataxia and Purkinje cell loss in PrP null mice inversely correlated with Dpl level in brain. EMBO J 20(4):694–702

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Safar J, Cohen FE, Prusiner SB (2000) Quantitative traits of prion strains are enciphered in the conformation of the prion protein. Arch Virol Suppl 16:227–235

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sailer A, Büeler H, Fischer M, Aguzzi A, Weissmann C (1994) No propagation of prions in mice devoid of PrP. Cell 77(7):967–968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakaguchi S, Katamine S, Shigematsu K, Nakatani A, Moriuchi R, Nishida N, Kurokawa K, Nakaoke R, Sato H, Jishage K et al (1995) Accumulation of proteinase K-resistant prion protein (PrP) is restricted by the expression level of normal PrP in mice inoculated with a mouse-adapted strain of the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agent. J Virol 69(12):7586–7592

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salmona M, Capobianco R, Colombo L, De Luigi A, Rossi G, Mangieri M, Giaccone G, Quaglio E, Chiesa R, Donati MB, Tagliavini F, Forloni G (2005) Role of plasminogen in propagation of scrapie. J Virol 79(17):11225–11230

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott M, Foster D, Mirenda C, Serban D, Coufal F, Wälchli M, Torchia M, Groth D, Carlson G, DeArmond SJ, Westaway D, Prusiner SB (1989) Transgenic mice expressing hamster prion protein produce species-specific scrapie infectivity and amyloid plaques. Cell 59(5):847–857

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott MR, Will R, Ironside J, Nguyen HO, Tremblay P, DeArmond SJ, Prusiner SB (1999) Compelling transgenetic evidence for transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions to humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96(26):15137–15142

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sigurdson CJ, Nilsson KP, Hornemann S, Manco G, Fernández-Borges N, Schwarz P, Castilla J, Wüthrich K, Aguzzi A (2010) A molecular switch controls interspecies prion disease transmission in mice. J Clin Invest 120(7):2590–2599

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stieger K, Belbellaa B, Le Guiner C, Moullier P, Rolling F (2009) In vivo gene regulation using tetracycline-regulatable systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 61(7–8):527–541

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamgüney G, Giles K, Glidden DV, Lessard P, Wille H, Tremblay P, Groth DF, Yehiely F, Korth C, Moore RC, Tatzelt J, Rubinstein E, Boucheix C, Yang X, Stanley P, Lisanti MP, Dwek RA, Rudd PM, Moskovitz J, Epstein CJ, Cruz TD, Kuziel WA, Maeda N, Sap J, Ashe KH, Carlson GA, Tesseur I, Wyss-Coray T, Mucke L, Weisgraber KH, Mahley RW, Cohen FE, Prusiner SB (2008) Genes contributing to prion pathogenesis. J Gen Virol 89:1777–1788

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Telling GC (2011) Transgenic mouse models and prion strains. Top Curr Chem 305:79–99

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Telling GC, Scott M, Hsiao KK, Foster D, Yang SL, Torchia M, Sidle KC, Collinge J, DeArmond SJ, Prusiner SB (1994) Transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from humans to transgenic mice expressing chimeric human-mouse prion protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91(21):9936–9940

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Telling GC, Scott M, Mastrianni J, Gabizon R, Torchia M, Cohen FE, DeArmond SJ, Prusiner SB (1995) Prion propagation in mice expressing human and chimeric PrP transgenes implicates the interaction of cellular PrP with another protein. Cell 83(1):79–90

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tremblay P, Meiner Z, Galou M, Heinrich C, Petromilli C, Lisse T, Cayetano J, Torchia M, Mobley W, Bujard H, DeArmond SJ, Prusiner SB (1998) Doxycycline control of prion protein transgene expression modulates prion disease in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95(21):12580–12585

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vana K, Weiss S (2006) A trans-dominant negative 37kDa/67kDa laminin receptor mutant impairs PrP(Sc) propagation in scrapie-infected neuronal cells. J Mol Biol 358(1):57–66

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vilotte JL, Soulier S, Essalmani R, Stinnakre MG, Vaiman D, Lepourry L et al (2001) Markedly increased susceptibility to natural sheep scrapie of transgenic mice expressing ovine PrP. J Virol 75:5977–5984

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wadsworth JD, Asante EA, Desbruslais M, Linehan JM, Joiner S, Gowland I, Welch J, Stone L, Lloyd SE, Hill AF, Brandner S, Collinge J (2004) Human prion protein with valine 129 prevents expression of variant CJD phenotype. Science 306(5702):1793–1796

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wadsworth JD, Asante EA, Collinge J (2010) Review: contribution of transgenic models to understanding human prion disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 36(7):576–597

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watts JC, Giles K, Stöhr J, Oehler A, Bhardwaj S, Grillo SK, Patel S, Dearmond SJ, Prusiner SB (2012) Spontaneous generation of rapidly transmissible prions in transgenic mice expressing wild-type bank vole prion protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(9):3498–3503

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weissmann C, Flechsig E (2003) PrP knock-out and PrP transgenic mice in prion research. Br Med Bull 66:43–60

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westaway D, Mirenda CA, Foster D, Zebarjadian Y, Scott M, Torchia M, Yang SL, Serban H, DeArmond SJ, Ebeling C et al (1991) Paradoxical shortening of scrapie incubation times by expression of prion protein transgenes derived from long incubation period mice. Neuron 7(1):59–68

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White MD, Farmer M, Mirabile I, Brandner S, Collinge J, Mallucci GR (2008) Single treatment with RNAi against prion protein rescues early neuronal dysfunction and prolongs survival in mice with prion disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105(29):10238–10243

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zomosa-Signoret V, Arnaud JD, Fontes P, Alvarez-Martinez MT, Liautard JP (2008) Physiological role of the cellular prion protein. Vet Res 39(4):9, Review

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qingzhong Kong Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kong, Q. (2013). Transgenic Mouse Models in Prion Transmission Studies. In: Zou, WQ., Gambetti, P. (eds) Prions and Diseases. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5338-3_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics