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A Picture is Worth a Thousand Tables pp 99–115Cite as

Exploring Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Data

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Abstract

The recent trend towards Bayesian and adaptive study designs has led to a growth in the field of pharmacokintetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD). The mathematical models used for PK/PD analysis can be extremely computationally intensive and particularly sensitive to messy data and anomalous values. The techniques of paneling and creating polygon summaries help to bring clarity to potentially messy graphics. An understanding of the expected shape of the data, combined with the right choice of graphic can help identify unusual patterns of data.

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References

  • Cleveland WS, Grosse E, Shyu WM (1992) Local regression models. In: Chambers JM, Hastie TJ (eds) Statistical models in S, Chap. 8. Wadsworth and Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove, CA

  • Jonsson EN, Karlsson MO (1999) Xpose–an S-PLUS based population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model building aid for NONMEM. Comput Meth Programs Biomed 58(1):51–64. (Available from http://xpose.sourceforge.net/)

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  • Sarkar D (2009) Lattice: multivariate data visualization with R. Springer, New York

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  • Wickham H (2009) ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. Springer, New York

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mango Solutions AG, Aeschenvorstadt 36, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland

    Charles Roosen PhD

  2. Mango Solutions Ltd, 2 Methuen Park, Chippenham, SN14 0GB, UK

    Richard Pugh & Andrew Nicholls

Authors
  1. Charles Roosen PhD
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  2. Richard Pugh
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  3. Andrew Nicholls
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestr. 16, Allschwil, 4123, Switzerland

    Andreas Krause

  2. Tibco Software Inc., Broadway 632, New York, 10012, New York, USA

    Michael O'Connell

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© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, New York

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Roosen, C., Pugh, R., Nicholls, A. (2012). Exploring Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Data. In: Krause, A., O'Connell, M. (eds) A Picture is Worth a Thousand Tables. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5329-1_6

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