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Early Neolithic Habitation Structures in Britain and Ireland: a Matter of Circumstance and Context

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Tracking the Neolithic House in Europe

Part of the book series: One World Archaeology ((WORLDARCH))

Abstract

While our understanding of the nature of Early Neolithic settlement in Britain and Ireland is advancing through recent discoveries and improvements in dating, many questions remain, not least that of why there seems to have been a fairly brief period, during the opening centuries of the fourth millennium bc, when large houses, often referred to as ‘halls’, were used in parts of Britain. An explanation is offered in terms of the dynamics of colonisation: pioneering farming groups lived together in them until they felt sufficiently well established to ‘bud off’ into independent, smaller household groups. Subsequent developments are viewed in terms of the development of this novel lifestyle in Britain and Ireland, and issues surrounding the temporality of different kinds of Early Neolithic settlement structure are explored.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The use of the term ‘hall’ derives from Anglo-Saxon archaeology, where it is used to describe high-status structures, constructed using the ‘post-in-trench’ or ‘plank-in-trench’ method, which range in length from 14 to 24m (and, in one case, 28m), and in width between 7 and 12m, with a length-width ratio mostly of 2:1 and up to nearly 3:1 (A. Marshall and G. Marshall 1991). Since the term has connotations of the aristocratic feasting that is attested from documentary sources—a function that has not been demonstrated for the large Neolithic structures—the term ‘hall’ is eschewed here, and ‘large house’ is used instead. Others might no doubt take issue with the use of the term ‘house’, but it is this author’s opinion that this is what these structures were.

  2. 2.

    There is one ostensibly large building, 24m long, at Mullaghbuoy, Co. Antrim (McManus 2004), but it is clear that this was a two-phase structure, with each phase representing a ‘normal’-sized rectangular house. Either one house was ‘tacked onto’ the end of the other (at a slight angle), or else one house was rebuilt beside its original location. This is not comparable with the single-phase large houses discussed here. Space does not permit a full discussion of the fascinating question as to why no large house has (yet) been found in Ireland, and of the dynamics and dating of the colonisation process in Ireland.

  3. 3.

    Here is not the place to discuss the question of whether the causewayed enclosure at Magheraboy, Co. Sligo, had been built around 4000 BC (cf. Cooney et al. 2011).

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    Alison Sheridan

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    Daniela Hofmann

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    Jessica Smyth

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Sheridan, A. (2013). Early Neolithic Habitation Structures in Britain and Ireland: a Matter of Circumstance and Context. In: Hofmann, D., Smyth, J. (eds) Tracking the Neolithic House in Europe. One World Archaeology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5289-8_12

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