Abstract
The GCC countries are confronted with severe challenges to put in place conditions that are conducive to Sustainable development. As discussed in this chapter, areas such as energy, water, land use, and biodiversity require massive change. Multiple players need to become engaged in finding new ways forward that can turn the outstanding challenges into a source of opportunities. Research and innovation linked to pathbreaking popular movement efforts stand to make a major difference.
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Notes
- 1.
The emissions include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid and gas fuels and gas flaring (World Bank, World Development Indicators: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.CO2E.PC).
- 2.
The Groasis Technology (GT) offers water savings of some 90 % in the 1st year compared to mainstream planting methods. The components of this biomimicry planting technology consist of: (1) improving the soil with mycorrhizae; (2) leaving the capillary structure intact; (3) using plants with the right primary roots; (4) the use of the “waterboxx” and, if necessary when planting on rocks, (5) the use of the capillary drill. See www.groasis.com.
Acknowledgments
Previous contributions to the Interim-GCC project that were taken on board as building blocks for parts of Sects. 12.2, 12.3 and 12.5 were provided by Costas Kiparissides, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece. Qammar Abbas, IKED, provided valuable assistance in collecting data.
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© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
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Andersson, T., Liu, J.D. (2013). A Research and Development Framework for Sustainable Development in the GCC Countries. In: Andersson, T., Djeflat, A. (eds) The Real Issues of the Middle East and the Arab Spring. Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5248-5_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5248-5_12
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