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Principles and Practice of Modern Radiotherapy Techniques in Breast Cancer pp 13–19Cite as

Staging of Breast Cancer

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Abstract

Five decades ago, Denoix et al. proposed classification system (tumor node metastasis [TNM]) based on the dissemination of cancer according to the features of the primary tumor (localization, size, and extension to the surrounding structures), regional lymph nodes, and the presence of metastases. Currently, the TNM system which was formulated by Union International Cancer Centre (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) is being used for every cancer site.

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References

  1. Harris JR. Natural history and staging of breast cancer. In: Haris JR et al., editors. Breast diseases. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Company; 1996.

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  2. Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, Fritz AG, Greene FL, Trotti A, editors. AJCC cancer staging manual. 7th ed. New York: Springer; 2009. p. 419–60.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey

    Zeynep Ozsaran & Senem Demirci Alanyalı

Authors
  1. Zeynep Ozsaran
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  2. Senem Demirci Alanyalı
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zeynep Ozsaran .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ege University, Ege Unv. Hastanesi, Izmir, 35100, Turkey

    Ayfer Haydaroglu

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University, Hacettepe Hastanesi, Ankara, 06100, Turkey

    Gokhan Ozyigit

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© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Ozsaran, Z., Alanyalı, S.D. (2013). Staging of Breast Cancer. In: Haydaroglu, A., Ozyigit, G. (eds) Principles and Practice of Modern Radiotherapy Techniques in Breast Cancer. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5116-7_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5116-7_2

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-5115-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-5116-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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