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Chronobiology and Obesity pp 133–160Cite as

Genetics in Chronobiology and Obesity

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Abstract

Genetics is behind our circadian machinery. Some of our chronobiological characteristics could be influenced by genes. Different psychological traits such as depression, bipolar disorders, anxiety and seasonal variations of mood are intrinsically connected to chronobiology through different genetic variants. Moreover, sleep disorders or short sleep duration, are both associated to several polymorphisms connected to obesity. In this regards, one of the most outstanding SNPs is the CLOCK 3111TC SNP which is significantly associated to short sleep duration, eveningness, several psychological traits and obesity. This SNP has been also related to a reduction in weight loss effectiveness in patients submitted to a behavioral treatment of obesity. Ghrelin, eveningness, and a lack of compliance to the Mediterranean diet habits, could be behind these results. Apart from CLOCK SNPs, others genetic variants in several clock genes such as PERIOD or BMAL1 are also connected to obesity. The novel knowledge achieved in the circadian epigenome could give us new answers to the connections among genetics, circadian rhythmicity and obesity.

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Abbreviations

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

CLOCK:

Circadian locomotor output cycles kaput

PER:

Period homolog 2 (Drosophila)

BMAL1 or ARNTL or MOP3:

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like

HGP:

Human genome project

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

mRNA:

Messenger ribonucleic acid

GH:

Growth hormone

SCN:

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

MetS:

Metabolic syndrome

MD:

Mood disorders

OMIM:

Online Mendelian inheritance in man

CRY:

Cryptochrome

REV-ERBα:

Nuclear receptor Rev-ErbA-alpha

SIRT:

Sirtuin

RORA or NR1D1:

RAR-related orphan receptor A

VIP:

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide

ROR1:

Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1

PLCB1:

Phospholipase C, beta 1

OSAS:

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

MTNR1A:

Melatonin receptor 1A

MTNR1B:

Melatonin receptor 1B

GWAS:

Genome-wide association studies

NFATC2:

Nuclear factor of activated T cells 2

SCP2:

Sterol carrier protein 2

CACNA1C:

Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit

TCRA:

T cell receptor alpha chain

POLE:

Polymerase (DNA directed), epsilon

FAM3D:

Family with sequence similarity 3, member D

ABCC9:

ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 9

SUR2:

Potential sterol desaturase similar to S. cerevisiae

HLA:

Human leukocyte antigen

DQB1:

Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1

PSD:

Partial sleep deprivation

NPAS2:

Neuronal PAS domain protein 2

APSS:

Associated Professional Sleep Societies LLC

FTO:

Fat mass and obesity associated

HOMA-IR:

Homeostasis model assessment- insulin resistance

TMEM18:

Transmembrane protein 18

NRXN3:

Neurexin 3

BMI:

Body mass index

GOLDN:

Genetics of Lipids Lowering Drugs and Diet Network

FAs:

Fatty acids

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acid

SFA:

Saturated fatty acid

MCP1:

Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1

IL-6:

Interleukin 6

PTMs:

Post translational modifications

HAT:

Histone acetile transferase

BMI:

Body mass index

SAT:

Saturated fatty acids

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acids

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain

    Marta Garaulet Ph.D.

  2. Functional Genomics Core, Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA, HNRCA at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111-1524, USA

    Jose M. Ordovás Ph.D.

  3. The Department of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Alimentación (IMDEA-FOOD), Madrid, Spain

    Jose M. Ordovás Ph.D.

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  1. Marta Garaulet Ph.D.
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Avda. Teniente Flomesta, Murcia, 30100, Spain

    Marta Garaulet

  2. Tufts University School of Medicine, Washington Street 711, Boston, 02115, USA

    Jose M. Ordovás

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Garaulet, M., Ordovás, J.M. (2013). Genetics in Chronobiology and Obesity. In: Garaulet, M., Ordovás, J. (eds) Chronobiology and Obesity. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5082-5_8

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