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Avoidable Hospitalizations in Older Adults

Applying Complexity Science Principles and Machine Learning Approaches

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Handbook of Systems and Complexity in Health

Abstract

Avoidable hospitalizations are the subject of considerable interest to decision makers, because such admissions are deemed to be expensive, unhelpful to patients, and reflect underperformance of health systems’ organization [2–7]. Hospitalizations that might have been averted by health service interventions for older people are of particular concern. This chapter examines the nature of the problem and limitations of current approaches. It identifies the need for a comprehensive conceptual framework that addresses the complex human systems of aging, being ill, and dying in contemporary society. Avoidable hospitalizations conceptualized as reflecting biological, psychosocial, organizational, and social phenomena opens up a complex adaptive systems approach to the problematical issue of hospitalizations for older people. It focuses on the current and potential contributions of informatics and computational science to this field. A real-time informatics system based on patients’ narratives of their wellness and illness: the Patient Journey Record system provides an example of an adaptive system that addresses avoidable hospitalizations using a complex systems framework.

One unintended outcome of the modern transformation of the medical care system is that it does just about everything to divert the practitioner’s attention away from the experience of illness.

Arthur Kleinman [1]

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The “one” right answer principle reflects the classical Newtonian cause-and-effect model.

  2. 2.

    Natural language processing, as a discipline, is also known as natural language engineering and human language technology. NLP in this sense is not to be confused with neuro-linguistic programming.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College, Dublin, College Green, Dublin D2, Ireland

    Carmel M. Martin

  2. School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College, Dublin, College Green, Dublin D2, Ireland

    Carl Vogel, Lucy Hederman & Jing Su

  3. Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

    Kevin Smith

  4. National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

    Atieh Zarabzadeh

  5. Patient Journey Record Campus Company, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin D2, Ireland

    Deirdre Grady

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Correspondence to Carmel M. Martin .

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  1. , Department of General Practice, Monash University, PO Box 3010, Wamberal, 2260, New South Wales, Australia

    Joachim P. Sturmberg

  2. Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Merchandise Mart Plaza, Suite 1212 222, Chicago, 60654, Illinois, USA

    Carmel M. Martin

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Martin, C.M. et al. (2013). Avoidable Hospitalizations in Older Adults. In: Sturmberg, J., Martin, C. (eds) Handbook of Systems and Complexity in Health. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4998-0_27

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