Abstract
Alternative fuels for compression ignition (CI) engines are required due to supply crisis and reducing global warming caused by conventional fossil fuels. Direct utilization of straight vegetable oils in CI engines is the technically simplest route for replacing fossil fuels which does not require any additional fuel processing infrastructure. Problems related to larger viscosity and lower volatility of straight vegetable oils (SVOs) can be reduced by blending them with mineral diesel and preheating. Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of preheated and unheated Jatropha oil blends are described in this report for exploring the route of straight vegetable oil utilization in CI engines. Experimental investigations in an unmodified CI engine designed for mineral diesel showed that thermal efficiency of lower concentration blends (up to 10 %) was comparable to mineral diesel. Unburned hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide emissions were comparable to mineral diesel. Preheating the Jatropha oil by exhaust gas heat improved the thermal efficiency and reduced unburned hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and smoke opacity emissions but increased the nitrogen oxide emissions in comparison to unheated Jatropha oil.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Agarwal AK (2007) Biofuels (alcohols and biodiesel) applications as fuels for internal combustion engines. Prog Energy Combustion Sci 33:233–271
Agarwal D, Agarwal AK (2007) Performance and emissions characteristics of Jatropha oil (preheated and blends) in a direct injection compression ignition engine. Appl Thermal Eng 27:2314–2323
Agarwal AK, Dhar A (2009) Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of Jatropha oil blends in a direct injection engine. SAE 2009-01-0947, SAE Special Publication SP-2239
Agarwal AK, Dhar A (2010) Experimental investigation of preheated Jatropha oil fuelled direct injection compression ignition engine: Part-I, performance, emission and combustion characteristics. J ASTM Int 7:1–13
Agarwal AK, Rajamanoharan K (2009) Experimental investigations of performance and emissions of Karanja oil and its blends in a single cylinder agricultural diesel engine. Appl Energy 86:106–112
Almeida SCAD, Belchior CR, Nascimento MVG, Vieira LDSR, Fleury G (2002) Performance of a diesel generator fuelled with palm oil. Fuel 81:2097–2102
Bajpai S, Sahoo PK, Das LM (2009) Feasibility of blending Karanja vegetable oil in petro-diesel and utilization in a direct injection diesel engine. Fuel 88:705–711
Bari S, Lim TH, Yu CW (2002) Effects of preheating of crude palm oil (CPO) on injection system, performance and emission of a diesel engine. Renew Energy 27:339–351
Bryant L (1976) The development of the diesel engine. Technol Cult 17:432–446
Crookes RJ, Kiannejad F, Nazha MAA (1997) Systematic assessment of combustion characteristics of bio-fuels and emulsions with water for use as diesel engine fuels. Energy Convers Manag 38:1785–1795
Esteban B, Baquero G, Puig R, Riba JR, Rius A (2011) Is it environmentally advantageous to use vegetable oil directly as biofuel instead or converting it to biodiesel? Biomass Bioenergy 35:1317–1328
Fore SR, Lazarus W, Porter P, Jordan N (2011) Economics of small-scale on-farm use of canola and soybean for biodiesel and straight vegetable oil biofuels. Biomass Bioenergy 35:193–202
Forson FK, Oduro EK, Donkoh EH (2004) Performance of Jatropha oil blends in a diesel engine. Renew Energy 29:1135–1145
Gangwar HK, Agarwal AK (2008) Combustion characteristics of Jatropha oil blends in a transportation engine. SAE Paper No. 2008-01-1383
Kumar MS, Ramesh A, Nagalingam B (2003) An experimental comparison of methods to use methanol and Jatropha oil in a compression ignition engine. Biomass Bioenergy 25:309–318
Mahanta P, Mishra SC, Kushwah YS (2006) An experimental study of Pongamia pinnata L. oil as a diesel substitute. J Power Energy Proc I Mech E: Part A 220:803–808
Nwafor OMI (2003) The effect of elevated fuel inlet temperature on performance of diesel engine running on neat vegetable oil at constant speed conditions. Renew Energy 28:171–181
Nwafor OMI (2004) Emission characteristics of diesel engine running on vegetable oil with elevated fuel inlet temperature. Biomass Bioenergy 27:507–511
Pramanik K (2003) Properties and use of Jatropha curcas oil and diesel fuel blends in compression ignition engine. Renew Energy 28:239–248
Ramadhas AS, Jayaraj S, Muraleedharan C (2005) Characterization and effect of using rubber seed oil as fuel in the compression ignition engines. Renew Energy 30:795–803
Srivastava A, Prasad R (2000) Triglycerides-based diesel fuels. Renew Sust Energy Rev 4:111–133
Acknowledgement
Generous financial support from Technology Systems Group, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for carrying out this research is gratefully acknowledged. Authors are also thankful to ASTM international and SAE International for permitting the reproduction of data from the copyrighted sources.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Agarwal, A.K., Dhar, A. (2012). Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Preheated and Blended Jatropha Oil. In: Carels, N., Sujatha, M., Bahadur, B. (eds) Jatropha, Challenges for a New Energy Crop. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4806-8_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4806-8_26
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-4805-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-4806-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)