Abstract
In the early 1990s, the performance of speech and language processing technology combined with advanced voice user interface (VUI) design procedures allowed to start building conversational machines which could be deployed for commercial services offered to a large population of users [11]. Such machines would provide services typically assigned to call centers and human agents or to touch-tone (DTMF) interactive voice response (IVR) systems. Examples include providing travel information for trains or flights, routing phone calls to the appropriate department or agent, performing banking or stock market transactions, and providing technical support and troubleshooting. In general, conversational machines (in the following referred to as spoken dialog systems, or SDSs) consist of the following components
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Notes
- 1.
Speech recognition grammar specification [7].
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Pieraccini, R., Suendermann, D. (2012). Data-Driven Methods in Industrial Spoken Dialog Systems. In: Lemon, O., Pietquin, O. (eds) Data-Driven Methods for Adaptive Spoken Dialogue Systems. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4803-7_8
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