Introduction

Abstract

This chapter gives an overview and introduction to the major topics discussed throughout the book. The focus in the international health community has shifted over the past century from eradication of infectious diseases to strengthening of primary health care (PHC), and an important component of PHC in today’s hospitals is the use of technology. However, the developing world is significantly disadvantaged in this regard. After a discussion of the major categories of health care technology and the conditions under which they fail in the developing world, it becomes clear that the criteria for appropriateness of technology are inherently different in the developing world. A quantitative metric called the Medical Technology Score (MTS) is proposed for use in evaluations of the relative adherence of health systems to relevant technology guidelines. Under a broader, more inclusive definition of technology, biomaterials represent one opportunity for the developing world to contribute to the growing cannon of health care technology. Classes of biomaterials are discussed. In anticipation of the feasibility studies of corn- and soy-derived biomaterials that follow, a brief introduction is given to corn and soy crops. Ghana and Nicaragua, which are the focus countries of this book, are also introduced.