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Advances in DNA Repair in Cancer Therapy pp 75–128Cite as

The Relationship Between DNA-Repair Genes, Cellular Radiosensitivity, and the Response of Tumors and Normal Tissues to Radiotherapy

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Part of the book series: Cancer Drug Discovery and Development ((CDD&D,volume 72))

Abstract

Radiation therapy (XRT) continues to be an important component in the management of many cancer patients. The dose delivered to a tumor is calculated on the basis of the anticipated tolerance of the normal tissues within the irradiated field, which is determined empirically on the basis of population-averaged clinical data [1]. These calculations, which typically accept a severe late complication rate of ≤5 %, do not account for the different susceptibilities of XRT patients to late normal tissue effects [2], which can be severe and sometimes life threatening. Such interindividual variations are substantial even though major advances have been made with respect to the conformality of XRT delivery. Similarly, the clinical responsiveness of tumors to XRT is often quite different even among tumors of the same pathology. One approach to further improving the therapeutic outcome of XRT is to develop individualized treatment plans that utilize pretreatment biomarkers that would predict both normal tissue tolerance levels and/or tumor responsiveness to therapy on a patient-by-patient basis. For such biomarkers to become used routinely in the clinic, they will have to be capable of rapidly and reliably identifying unusually or even moderately radiosensitive patients or radioresistant tumors prior to treatment. This need has, for many years, driven intensive research into the development of assays and biomarkers for predicting individual radiosensitivity [3].

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful for support by the Alberta Cancer Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1Z2

    David Murray

  2. Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1Z2

    Matthew Parliament

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  1. Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, Montreal, H3T 1E2, Canada

    Lawrence Panasci

  2. , Department of Oncology, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, H3T 1E2, Canada

    Raquel Aloyz

  3. McGill University, Department of Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, H3T 1E2, Canada

    Moulay Alaoui-Jamali

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Murray, D., Parliament, M. (2013). The Relationship Between DNA-Repair Genes, Cellular Radiosensitivity, and the Response of Tumors and Normal Tissues to Radiotherapy. In: Panasci, L., Aloyz, R., Alaoui-Jamali, M. (eds) Advances in DNA Repair in Cancer Therapy. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, vol 72. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4741-2_4

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