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Astrovirus Research pp 79–95Cite as

Immune Responses

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Abstract

Members of the Astroviridae family are recognized to be a leading cause of viral enteritis in infants, the immune-compromised, and elderly, as well as a significant cause of disease in other mammals and avian species. However, little is known of the immune response to astrovirus infection. The humoral immune response is believed to restrict infection and clinical disease in humans as documented by epidemiological and clinical observational studies. Consistent with the concept that neutralizing antibodies may control astrovirus infection, limited studies have detected the presence of astrovirus-specific CD4+ helper T cells in human volunteers. However, no other data regarding cell-mediated immunity has been reported, and some small animal models have recently highlighted the important role of innate immune responses in controlling astrovirus infections, especially primary infections in young animals. Consequently, research in the past decade has focused on the role of the innate immune system in the anti-astrovirus response. In this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge of the immune response to astrovirus from studies on normal healthy adults as well as the young, elderly, and immune-compromised. In addition, we focus on findings from a small animal model that implicate a role for the innate immune response in astrovirus immunity. Finally, we review recent studies that demonstrate an unexpected interaction of complement system proteins with the human astroviruses that may have implications for astrovirus immune evasion and replication in humans.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 West Olney Road, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA

    Neel K. Krishna Ph.D.

  2. Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, 7608, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA

    Matthew D. Koci Ph.D.

  3. Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain

    Susana Guix Ph.D.

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  1. Neel K. Krishna Ph.D.
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  2. Matthew D. Koci Ph.D.
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  3. Susana Guix Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Neel K. Krishna Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, 38105, Tennessee, USA

    Stacey Schultz-Cherry

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Krishna, N.K., Koci, M.D., Guix, S. (2012). Immune Responses. In: Schultz-Cherry, S. (eds) Astrovirus Research. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4735-1_5

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