Skip to main content

Projectors on the Generalized Eigenspaces for Partial Differential Equations with Time Delay

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Infinite Dimensional Dynamical Systems

Part of the book series: Fields Institute Communications ((FIC,volume 64))

Abstract

To study the nonlinear dynamics, such as Hopf bifurcation, of partial differential equations with delay, one needs to consider the characteristic equation associated to the linearized equation and to determine the distribution of the eigenvalues; that is, to study the spectrum of the linear operator. In this paper we study the projectors on the generalized eigenspaces associated to some eigenvalues for linear partial differential equations with delay. We first rewrite partial differential equations with delay as non-densely defined semilinear Cauchy problems, then obtain formulas for the integrated solutions of the semilinear Cauchy problems with non-dense domain by using integrated semigroup theory, from which we finally derive explicit formulas for the projectors on the generalized eigenspaces associated to some eigenvalues. As examples, we apply the obtained results to study a reaction-diffusion equation with delay and an age-structured model with delay.

Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): Primary 35K57, 34K15; Secondary 92D30

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. M. Adimy, Bifurcation de Hopf locale par des semi-groupes intégrés. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Série I 311, 423–428 (1990)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Adimy, Integrated semigroups and delay differential equations. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 177, 125–134 (1993)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  3. M. Adimy, O. Arino, Bifurcation de Hopf globale pour des équations à retard par des semi-groupes intégrés. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Série I 317, 767–772 (1993)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. M. Adimy, K. Ezzinbi, J. Wu, Center manifold and stability in critical cases for some partial functional differential equations. Int. J. Evol. Equ. 2, 47–73 (2007)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. W. Arendt, Vector valued Laplace transforms and Cauchy problems. Israel J. Math. 59, 327–352 (1987)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. W. Arendt, C.J.K. Batty, M. Hieber, F. Neubrander, Vector-Valued Laplace Transforms and Cauchy Problems (Birkhäuser, Basel, 2001)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  7. O. Arino, M. L. Hbid, E. Ait Dads, Delay Differential Equations and Applications (Springer, Berlin, 2006)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  8. O. Arino, E. Sanchez, A variation of constants formula for an abstract functional-differential equation of retarded type. Diff. Integral Equat. 9, 1305–1320 (1996)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. O. Arino, E. Sánchez, A theory of linear delay differential equations in infinite dimensional spaces, in Delay Differential Equations with Application, ed. by O. Arino, M. Hbid and E. Ait Dads. NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, Vol 205 (Springer, Berlin, 2006), pp. 287–348

    Google Scholar 

  10. H. Brezis, Analyse Fonctionnelle (Dunod, Paris, 2005)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. F.E. Browder, On the spectral theory of elliptic differential operators. Math. Ann. 142, 22–130 (1961)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. S. Busenberg, W. Huang, Stability and Hopf bifurcation for a population delay model with diffusion effects. J. Differ. Equat. 124, 80–107 (1996)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. O. Diekmann, P. Getto, M. Gyllenberg, Stability and bifurcation analysis of Volterra functional equations in the light of suns and stars. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 34, 1023–1069 (2007)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. O. Diekmann, S.A. van Gils, S.M. Verduyn Lunel, H.-O. Walther, Delay Equations, Function-, Complex-, and Nonlinear Analyiss (Springer, New York, 1995)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. A. Ducrot, Z. Liu, P. Magal, Essential growth rate for bounded linear perturbation of non-densely defined Cauchy problems. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 341, 501–518 (2008)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. K.-J. Engel, R. Nagel, One Parameter Semigroups for Linear Evolution Equations (Springer, New York, 2000)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. K. Ezzinbi, M. Adimy, The basic theory of abstract semilinear functional differential equations with non-dense domain, in Delay Differential Equations with Application, ed. by O. Arino, M. Hbid and E. Ait Dads. NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, Vol 205 (Springer, Berlin, 2006), pp. 349–400

    Google Scholar 

  18. T. Faria, Normal forms and Hopf bifurcation for partial differential equations with delays. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 352, 2217–2238 (2000)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. T. Faria, W. Huang, J. Wu, Smoothness of center manifolds for maps and formal adjoints for semilinear FDEs in general Banach spaces. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 34, 173–203 (2002)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. W.E. Fitzgibbon, Semilinear functional differential equations in Banach space. J. Differ. Equat. 29, 1–14 (1978)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. M.V.S. Frasson, S.M. Verduyn Lunel, Large time behaviour of linear functional differential equations. Integr. Equ. Oper. Theory 47, 91–121 (2003)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  22. J.K. Hale, S.M. Verduyn Lunel, Introduction to Functional Differential Equations (Springer, New York, 1993)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  23. B.D. Hassard, N.D. Kazarinoff, Y.-H. Wan, Theory and Applications of Hopf Bifurcaton. London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series, vol 41 (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1981)

    Google Scholar 

  24. M.A. Kaashoek, S.M. Verduyn Lunel, Characteristic matrices and spectral properties of evolutionary systems. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 334, 479–517 (1992)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  25. F. Kappel, Linear autonomous functional differential equations, in Delay Differential Equations with Application, ed. by O. Arino, M. Hbid and E. Ait Dads. NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, vol. 205 (Springer, Berlin, 2006), pp. 41–134

    Google Scholar 

  26. H. Kellermann, M. Hieber, Integrated semigroups. J. Funct. Anal. 84, 160–180 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. X. Lin, J.W.-H. So, J. Wu, Centre manifolds for partial differential equations with delays. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 122A, 237–254 (1992)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  28. Z. Liu, P. Magal, S. Ruan, Projectors on the generalized eigenspaces for functional differential equations using integrated semigroups. J. Differ. Equat. 244, 1784–1809 (2008)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  29. Z. Liu, P. Magal, S. Ruan, J. Wu, Normal forms for semilinear equations with non-dense domain, Part I: Computation of the reduced system. (submitted)

    Google Scholar 

  30. R.H. Martin, H.L. Smith, Abstract functional-differential equations and reaction-diffusion systems. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 321, 1–44 (1990)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  31. R.H. Martin, H.L. Smith, Reaction-diffusion systems with time delays: monotonicity, invariance, comparison and convergence. J. Reine Angew. Math. 413, 1–35 (1991)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  32. P. Magal, Compact attractors for time periodic age-structured population models. Electr. J. Differ. Equat. 2001(65), 1–35 (2001)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. P. Magal, S. Ruan, On integrated semigroups and age structured models in Lp spaces. Diff. Integral Equat. 20, 197–239 (2007)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. P. Magal, S. Ruan, On semilinear Cauchy problems with non-dense domain. Adv. Differ. Equat. 14, 1041–1084 (2009)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  35. P. Magal, S. Ruan, Center manifold theorem for semilinear equations with non-dense domain and applications to Hopf bifurcations in age structured models. Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. Vol. 202(951), (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  36. M.C. Memory, Bifurcation and asymptotic behavior of solutions of a delay-differential equation with diffusion. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 20, 533–546 (1989)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  37. M.C. Memory, Stable ans unstable manifolds for partial functional differential equations. Nonlinear Anal. 16, 131–142 (1991)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  38. M.E. Parrott, Linearized stability and irreducibility for a functional-differential equation. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 23, 649–661 (1992)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  39. A. Pazy,  Semigroups of Linear Operators and Applications to Partial Differential Equations (Springer, New York, 1983)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  40. A. Rhandi, Extrapolated methods to solve non-autonomous retarded partial dierential equations. Studia Math. 126, 219–233 (1997)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  41. S. Ruan, J. Wei, J. Wu, Bifurcation from a homoclinic orbit in partial functional differential equations. Discret. Contin. Dynam. Syst. 9A, 1293–1322 (2003)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  42. S. Ruan, W. Zhang, Exponential dichotomies, the Fredholm alternative, and transverse homoclinic orbits in partial functional differential equations. J. Dynamics Differ. Equat. 17, 759–777 (2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  43. W.M. Ruess, Existence and stability of solutions to partial functional differential equations with delay. Adv. Differ. Equat. 4, 843–867 (1999)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  44. W.M. Ruess, Linearized stability for nonlinear evolution equations. J. Evol. Equ. 3, 361–373 (2003)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  45. H.R. Thieme, Semiflows generated by Lipschitz perturbations of non-densely defined operators. Diff. Integral Equat. 3, 1035–1066 (1990)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  46. H.R. Thieme, Integrated semigroups and integrated solutions to abstract Cauchy problems. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 152, 416–447 (1990)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  47. H.R. Thieme, Quasi-compact semigroups via bounded perturbation, in Advances in Mathematical Population Dynamics—Molecules, Cells and Man. Series in Mathematical Biology and Medicine, vol. 6 (World Sci. Publishing, River Edge, NJ, 1997), pp. 691–711

    Google Scholar 

  48. C.C. Travis, G.F. Webb, Existence and stability for partial functional differential equations. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 200, 395–418 (1974)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  49. C.C. Travis, G.F. Webb, Existence, stability, and compactness in the α-norm for partial functional differential equations. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 240, 129–143 (1978)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  50. S.M. Verduyn Lunel, Spectral theory for delay equations, in Systems, Approximation, Singular Integral Operators, and Related Topics, ed. by A.A. Borichev, N.K. Nikolski. Operator Theory: Advances and Applications, Vol 129 (Birkhäuser, 2001), pp. 465–508

    Google Scholar 

  51. G.F. Webb, Functional differential equations and nonlinear semigroups in Lp-spaces. J. Differ. Equat. 20, 71–89 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. G.F. Webb, Theory of Nonlinear Age-Dependent Population Dynamics (Dekker, New York, 1985)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  53. G.F. Webb, An operator-theoretic formulation of asynchronous exponential growth. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 303, 155–164 (1987)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  54. J. Wu, Theory and Applications of Partial Differential Equations (Springer, New York, 1996)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  55. K. Yoshida, The Hopf bifurcation and its stability for semilinear diffusion equations with time delay arising in ecology. Horoshima Math. J. 12, 321–348 (1982)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Research of S. Ruan was partially supported by NSF grant DMS-1022728.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arnaut Ducrot .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ducrot, A., Magal, P., Ruan, S. (2013). Projectors on the Generalized Eigenspaces for Partial Differential Equations with Time Delay. In: Mallet-Paret, J., Wu, J., Yi, Y., Zhu, H. (eds) Infinite Dimensional Dynamical Systems. Fields Institute Communications, vol 64. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4523-4_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics