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Challenges in Controlling and Eliminating Schistosomiasis

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Challenges in Infectious Diseases

Part of the book series: Emerging Infectious Diseases of the 21st Century ((EIDC))

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Abstract

Schistosomiasis, a common intravascular infection caused by parasitic Schistosoma trematode worms, is one of the most prevalent of the tropical infectious diseases, with more than 200 million people infected globally and close to 800 million at risk. Mature, patent, schistosome infections are associated with chronic tissue inflammation due to immunopathological reactions against schistosome eggs, penetrating the vessel wall and getting trapped in the tissues. Depending on the site, this eventually leads to obstructive disease in the urinary system (Schistosoma haematobium) or lesions associated with the liver and spleen (S. mansoni, S. intercalatum, S. japonicum and S. mekongi). The current disease burden due to schistosomiasis may exceed 70 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Here, we introduce the schistosome parasites and describe the pathophysiology and the clinical disease they cause. We discuss the diagnosis and treatment of schistosomiasis and review anti-schistosome vaccine development. We also appraise current strategies for control, emphasising the value of spatial and mathematical modelling approaches, and outline our vision for the future involving multi-component, integrated efforts that can lead to the sustainable control, even elimination of schistosomiasis.

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Acknowledgements

The authors’ studies on schistosomiasis have received financial support from various sources including the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, the Wellcome Trust (UK), the Sandler Foundation (USA), the Dana Foundation (USA) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia

    Donald P. McManus, Yuesheng Li & Darren J. Gray

  2. Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control on Schistosomiasis in Lake Region, Yueyang, People’s Republic of China

    Yuesheng Li

  3. School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Gail M. Williams & Darren J. Gray

  4. WHO Special Program for Research & Training in Tropical Diseases, Ingerod, Brastad, Sweden

    Robert Bergquist

  5. School of Public Health, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, QLD, Australia

    Darren J. Gray

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Correspondence to Donald P. McManus .

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    I.W. Fong

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McManus, D.P., Li, Y., Williams, G.M., Bergquist, R., Gray, D.J. (2013). Challenges in Controlling and Eliminating Schistosomiasis. In: Fong, I. (eds) Challenges in Infectious Diseases. Emerging Infectious Diseases of the 21st Century. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4496-1_9

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