Abstract
In this chapter we present an alternative approach to Transformation Optics (TO) for scattering reduction from radar targets and similar scatterers. The approach is based on Field or Impedance Transformation, as opposed to geometry transformation, which is the heart of the TO algorithm.
We begin by identifying some of the difficulties encountered when designing cloaks by following the TO approach, namely practical realization of required material parameters, and overcoming the problems of narrow bandwidth, anisotropy, losses, polarization sensitivity, etc., that are signature attributes of Metamaterials, often used as cloak materials whose parameters are dictated by the TO algorithm.
We show how the alternative approach, proposed herein, leads to absorbers or blankets which reduce the scattering in the reflection region over a wide bandwidth and for arbitrary polarization of the incident wave, using materials with realistic μ and ε that can be fabricated in the lab, as opposed to Metamaterials typically required in the TO design.
Also discussed is absorbers for arbitrarily shaped objects, designed by using a variation of the TO concept, which leads to realistic realizations of blankets comprised of readily available materials.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Valentine J, Li J, Zentgraf T, Bartal G, Zhang X (2009) An optical cloak made of dielectrics. Nat Mater 8:568
Leonhardt U, Tyc T (2009) Broadband invisibility by non-Euclidean cloaking. Science 323:110–112
Schurig D, Pendry JB, Smith DR (2006) Calculation of material properties and ray tracing in transformation media. Opt Express 14:9794–9804
Pendry JB, Schurig D, Smith DR (2006) Controlling electromagnetic fields. Science 312:1780–1782
Chen H, Wu B, Zhang B, Kong JA (2007) Electromagnetic wave interactions with a metamaterial cloak. Phys Rev Lett 99:063903
Smith DR, Urzhumov Y, Kundtz NB, Landy NI (2010) Enhancing imaging systems using transformation optics. Opt Express 18:21238
Cummer SA, Popa B, Schurig D, Smith DR, Pendry J (2006) Full-wave simulations of electromagnetic cloaking structures. Phys Rev E 74:036621
Li J, Pendry JB (2008) Hiding under the carpet: a new strategy for cloaking. Phys Rev Lett 101:203901
Schurig D, Mock JJ, Justice BJ, Cummer SA, Pendry JB, Starr AF, Smith DR (2006) Metamaterial electromagnetic cloak at microwave frequencies. Science 314:977–980
Leonhardt U (2006) Optical conformal mapping. Science 312:1777–1780
Ruan Z, Fan S (2010) Superscattering of light from subwavelength nanostructures. Phys Rev Lett 105:013901
Ergin T, Stenger N, Brenner P, Pendry JB, Wegener M (2010) Three-dimensional invisibility cloak at optical wavelengths. Science 328:337–339
Chen HY, Chan CT (2007) Transformation media that rotate electromagnetic fields. Appl Phys Lett 90:241105
Leonhardt U, Philbin TG (2009) Transformation optics and the geometry of light. Prog Opt 53:69–152
Chen H, Chan CT, Sheng P (2010) Transformation optics and metamaterials. Nat Mater 9:387–396
Huidobro PA, Nesterov ML, Martı´n-Moreno L, Garcı´a-Vidal FJ (2010) Transformation optics for plasmonics. Nano Lett 10:1985–1990
Edwards B, Alu A, Silveirinha MG, Engheta N (2009) Experimental verification of plasmonic cloaking at microwave frequencies with metamaterials. Phys Rev Lett 103:153901
Alu A, Engheta N (2005) Achieving transparency with plasmonic and metamaterial coatings. Phys Rev E 72:016623
Luo Y, Zhang J, Chen H, Xi S, Wu B-I (2008) Cylindrical cloak with axial permittivity/permeability spatially invariant. Appl Phys Lett 93:033504
Xi S, Chen H, Zhang B, Wu B-I, Kong JA (2010) Route to low-scattering cylindrical cloaks with finite permittivity and permeability. Phys Rev B 79:155122
Alu A, Yaghijan AD, Shore RA, Silveirinha MG (2011) Causality relations in the homogenization of metamaterials. Phys Rev B 84:054305
Cheng Q, Cui T, Jiang W, Cai B (2010) An omnidirectional electromagnetic absorber made of metamaterials. New J Phys 12:063006
Zentgraf T, Liu Y, Mikkelsen MH, Valentine J, Zhang X (2011) Plasmonic Luneburg and Eaton lenses. Nat Nano 6:151–155
Narimanov EE, Kildishev AV (2009) Optical black hole: broadband omnidirectional light absorber. Appl Phys Lett 95:041106
Gong YX, Zhen L, Jiang JT, Xu CY, Shao WZ (2009) Synthesis and microwave electromagnetic properties of CoFe alloy nanoflakes prepared with hydrogen-thermal reduction method. J Appl Phys 106:064302
Zhen L, Gong YX, Jiang JT, Xu CY, Shao WZ, Liu P, Tang J (2011) Synthesis of CoFe/Al2O3 composite nanoparticles as the impedance matching layer of wideband multilayer absorber. J Appl Phys 109:07A332
Tretyakov S, Alitalo P, Luukkonen O, Simovski C (2009) Broadband electromagnetic cloaking of long cylindrical objects. Phys Rev Lett 103:103905
Alitalo P, Tretyakov SA (2010) Electromagnetic cloaking of strongly scattering cylindrical objects by a volumetric structure composed of conical metal plates. Phys Rev B 82:245111
Vehmas J, Alitalo P, Tretyakov SA (2012) Experimental demonstration of antenna blockage reduction with a transmission-line cloak. IET Microw Antennas Propagat 6(7):830–834
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mittra, R., Zhou, Y. (2014). Designing Cloaks and Absorbing Blankets for Scattering Reduction Using Field and Impedance Transformation Techniques. In: Mittra, R. (eds) Computational Electromagnetics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4382-7_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4382-7_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-4381-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-4382-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)