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Electrochemical Energy Storage: Applications, Processes, and Trends

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Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology

Abstract

Energy consumption in the world has increased significantly over the past 20 years. In 2008, worldwide energy consumption was reported as 142,270 TWh [1], in contrast to 54,282 TWh in 1973; [2] this represents an increase of 262%. The surge in demand could be attributed to the growth of population and industrialization over the years. In 2009, energy consumption was reported as 140,700 TWh, a slight decrease (1.1%) when compared to 2008 due to the world financial crisis [1], while in 2010 there was a rise in the consumption to 149,469 TWh, due to the recovery of the economy at that time [3]. Conversely, the total supply of energy in the world had caught up with the consumption as shown in Table 38.1 [2, 4]. Approximately 10–14% of the total energy supply in the world is delivered as electric energy. In addition, the amount of power supplied by renewables had increased over the years, from 37 TWh in 1973 to 612 TWh in 2008 (as shown in Table 38.1), which represents a growth of 94%. However, the total amount of energy available from renewables based on current technology could reach up to 834,280 TWh (distributed as: 53.2% solar, 20.0% wind, 16.7% geothermal, 8.4% biomass, and 1.7% hydropower); [5] that is, 5.7 times the world energy supply in 2008. Nevertheless, renewable sources of energy such as solar and wind are intermittent and only abundant in certain regions, which causes a limitation on the use and distribution of such sources of energy. An undersized world energy surplus (based on a total energy balance including supply, consumption, and losses) is usually reported annually; a comprehensive analysis is presented in the literature [2].

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Acknowledgments

The authors will like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Center for Electrochemical Engineering Research (CEER) at Ohio University.

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  1. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Electrochemical Engineering Research, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA

    Gerardine G. Botte & Madhivanan Muthuvel

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Botte, G.G., Muthuvel, M. (2012). Electrochemical Energy Storage: Applications, Processes, and Trends. In: Kent, J. (eds) Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4259-2_38

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