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The Neuroscience of Hallucinations pp 317–342Cite as

Electrophysiological Exploration of Hallucinations (EEG, MEG)

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Abstract

Hallucinations are an often disabling symptom occurring not only in ­psychiatric but also in neurological diseases. This chapter highlightens the findings of the past years on auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in schizophrenia, epilepsy, and brain injury focusing on the methods of electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography. It has been postulated that hallucinations in a certain modality are generated in the brain areas, which normally are responsible for ­information processing of that given modality. Even though this hypothesis was mostly investigated and supported in research on schizophrenia, there also is ­sustained support for this assumption in patients with epilepsy or brain injury. Today’s findings suggest that a disturbed interplay of speech production and speech perception areas may form the pathophysiological basis of AVH: When inner speech is produced, the auditory cortex is co-activated in patients suffering from AVH—instead of dampened as in healthy subjects. It may well be that the mechanisms leading to this false co-activation differ between various pathological ­categories. However, most probably this co-activation plays an essential part in characterizing the hallucinations by giving the self-generated thoughts a more ­physical character, providing the attribute of coming from an alien source, a ­sensation that is being termed as hallucination.

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Abbreviations

AVH:

Auditory verbal hallucinations

EEG:

Electroencephalography

EP:

Evoked potentials

LORETA:

Low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography

MEG:

Magnetoencephalography

MMN:

Mismatch negativity

N100:

Negative voltage deflection after 100 ms in an EP

P300:

Positive voltage deflection after 300 ms in an EP

SEEG:

Stereo/intracranial EEG

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatric Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Claudia van Swam & Thomas Dierks

  2. University-Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000, Bern, Switzerland

    Daniela Hubl

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  1. Claudia van Swam
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  2. Thomas Dierks
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  3. Daniela Hubl
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Correspondence to Claudia van Swam .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University Medical Centre of Lille, Pediatric Psychiatry Department, Fontan Hospital, F-59037, Lille cedex, France

    Renaud Jardri

  2. Sainte-Anne Hospital, Center for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, 2 ter rue d'Alesia, Paris, F-75014, France

    Arnaud Cachia

  3. University Medical Centre of Lille, Psychiatry Department, Fontan Hospital, rue Verhaeghe, Lille cedex, F-59037, France

    Pierre Thomas

  4. University Medical Centre of Lille, Functional Neurosciences & Disorders Lab, Salengro Hospital, Lille cedex, F-59037, France

    Delphine Pins

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van Swam, C., Dierks, T., Hubl, D. (2013). Electrophysiological Exploration of Hallucinations (EEG, MEG). In: Jardri, R., Cachia, A., Thomas, P., Pins, D. (eds) The Neuroscience of Hallucinations. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4121-2_17

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