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The Neuroscience of Hallucinations pp 253–277Cite as

Animal Models and Hallucinogenic Drugs

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Abstract

The neuropsychological effects of naturally occurring psychoactive ­substances have been recognized for millennia. Hallucinogens, which include naturally occurring chemicals, such as mescaline and psilocybin, as well as synthetic compounds, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), induce profound alterations of human consciousness, emotion, and cognition. The discovery of the hallucinogenic effects of LSD, and the observations that LSD and the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin share chemical and pharmacological profiles, led to the suggestion that biogenic amines like serotonin were involved in the psychosis of mental disorders such as schizophrenia. Understanding the mechanism by which hallucinogens elicit unique neurobehavioral effects may open up new avenues in drug abuse research, as well as contributing to the understanding of the endogenous psychosis of psychiatric diseases. Here we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanism of action of hallucinogenic drugs, as well as findings obtained in animal models.

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Abbreviations

5-HT:

5-HTP decarboxylation into serotonin

5-HTP:

5-Hydroxytryptophan

ALD:

N-acetyl-LSD

BPM:

Behavioral pattern monitor

DMT:

N,N-dimethyltryptamine

DOM:

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine

KO:

Knockout

LSD:

Lysergic acid diethylamide

NMDA:

N-methyl-d-aspartate

PCP:

Phencyclidine

PPI:

Prepulse inhibition

TRH:

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA

    Alexey Kozlenkov

  2. Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA

    Javier González-Maeso

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  1. Alexey Kozlenkov
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Correspondence to Javier González-Maeso .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University Medical Centre of Lille, Pediatric Psychiatry Department, Fontan Hospital, F-59037, Lille cedex, France

    Renaud Jardri

  2. Sainte-Anne Hospital, Center for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, 2 ter rue d'Alesia, Paris, F-75014, France

    Arnaud Cachia

  3. University Medical Centre of Lille, Psychiatry Department, Fontan Hospital, rue Verhaeghe, Lille cedex, F-59037, France

    Pierre Thomas

  4. University Medical Centre of Lille, Functional Neurosciences & Disorders Lab, Salengro Hospital, Lille cedex, F-59037, France

    Delphine Pins

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Kozlenkov, A., González-Maeso, J. (2013). Animal Models and Hallucinogenic Drugs. In: Jardri, R., Cachia, A., Thomas, P., Pins, D. (eds) The Neuroscience of Hallucinations. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4121-2_14

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