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Isoprenoid Synthesis in Plants and Microorganisms pp 315–327Cite as

Regulation of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase and 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase and Rubber Biosynthesis of Hevea brasiliensis (B.H.K.) Mull. Arg

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Abstract

It is rather well established that rubber biosynthesis in rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) takes place in laticifers and is dependent on mevalonate (MVA). 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR, EC 1.1.1.34) has been shown to catalyze a rate-limiting step in this pathway. However, our studies demonstrated that both 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase (HMGS, EC 2.3.3.10) and HMGR are essential enzymes involved in rubber biosynthesis. In this chapter, we report on the current information as to the regulation of both HMGS and HMGR and their effect on rubber biosynthesis in H. brasiliensis. Hevea HMGS is encoded by a small gene family consisting of hmgs-1 and hmgs-2. The available information concerning the nature of the gene(s) encoding HMGS is also summarized. Enzyme activity and mRNA transcripts were mainly found in tissues with more laticifers, the sites of rubber biosynthesis. In latex of the high-yielding rubber clone, hmgs mRNA levels and enzyme activity were significantly higher than in the latex of the low-yield variety. Furthermore, the mRNA transcripts and enzyme activity in latex were higher at night than daytime, which is reflected by the dry rubber content. Ethephon treatment, which is known to increase the latex yield, had a direct effect on both hmgs mRNA transcripts and enzyme activity. The hmgs mRNA levels and dried rubber content per tapping from intra­clone rubber trees were also shown to be highly correlated. HMG-CoA acts as a substrate for HMGR to form mevalonate, which is further converted to isoprenoid compounds as well as natural rubber. Three genes are known to encode HMGR in H. brasiliensis, namely, hmgr-1, hmgr-2, and hmgr-3, and hmgr-1 is likely to be involved in rubber biosynthesis. The hmgr-1 mRNA level was well correlated with dried rubber content, similar to those observed in the case of hmgs gene expression.

These findings clearly indicated that both HMGS and HMGR enzyme activities are involved in early steps of rubber biosynthesis in H. brasiliensis at the level of their gene expression. The two enzymes possibly function in concert in response to the supply of substrate for rubber biosynthesis, similar to the synthesis of cholesterol in animals.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund (MRG4680164 and PHD/00124/2541) and the National Science and Technology and Development Agency, Thailand (GREC40-01-002), for their support, and the support from Biology Department, Taksin University, for the research facility, and also Professor Thomas J. Bach for arranging some financial support for Suwannmanee P. to participate in the 8th TERPNET 2007, April 30–May 4, 2007 Strasbourg, France.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biology Department, Thaksin University, 140, Moo 4, Tambon Khoa-Roob-Chang, Muang District, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand

    Pluang Suwanmanee

  2. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA

    Nualpun Sirinupong

  3. Biochemistry Department, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand

    Wallie Suvachittanont

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  1. Pluang Suwanmanee
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  2. Nualpun Sirinupong
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Correspondence to Pluang Suwanmanee .

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  1. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire, Département Réseaux, Université de Strasbourg, 28 rue Goethe, Strasbourg, 67083, France

    Thomas J. Bach

  2. , Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg CX, 67070, France

    Michel Rohmer

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Suwanmanee, P., Sirinupong, N., Suvachittanont, W. (2012). Regulation of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase and 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase and Rubber Biosynthesis of Hevea brasiliensis (B.H.K.) Mull. Arg. In: Bach, T., Rohmer, M. (eds) Isoprenoid Synthesis in Plants and Microorganisms. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4063-5_22

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